<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">smjournal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Спортивная медицина: наука и практика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Sports medicine: research and practice</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2223-2524</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9014</issn><publisher><publisher-name>NEICON</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17238/ISSN2223-2524.2019.3.62</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">smjournal-171</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СПОРТИВНОЕ ПИТАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SPORTS SUPPLEMENTS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Энергетическая и пищевая ценность рационов питания спортсменов-биатлонистов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Energy and nutritional value of biathletes' diets</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3634-8354</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Раджабкадиев</surname><given-names>Р. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Radzhabkadiev</surname><given-names>R. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Раджабкадиев Раджабкади Магомедович, младший научный сотрудник лаборатории спортивной нутрициологии и антропологии  </p><p>г. Москва</p><p>+7 (496) 698-53-20</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Radzhabkadi M. Radzhabkadiev, Junior Researcher of the Laboratory of Sports Nutrition and Anthropology </p><p>Moscow</p><p>+7 (496) 698-53-20 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">89886999800@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тимонин</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Timonin</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тимонин Андрей Николаевич, младший научный сотрудник лаборатории иммунологии, к.м.н. </p><p>г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey N. Timonin, M.D., Ph.D. (Medicine), Junior Researcher of the Laboratory of Immunology </p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кобелькова</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kobelkova</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кобелькова Ирина Витальевна, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории спортивной нутрициологии и антропологии, к.м.н. </p><p>г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina V. Kobelkova, M.D., Ph.D. (Medicine), Senior Researcher of the Laboratory of Sports Nutrition and Anthropology </p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУН Федеральный исследовательский центр питания, биотехнологии и безопасности пищи, Министерство науки и высшего образования РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>08</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>62</fpage><lpage>67</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Раджабкадиев Р.М., Тимонин А.Н., Кобелькова И.В., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Раджабкадиев Р.М., Тимонин А.Н., Кобелькова И.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Radzhabkadiev R.M., Timonin A.N., Kobelkova I.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.smjournal.ru/jour/article/view/171">https://www.smjournal.ru/jour/article/view/171</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования: оценка показателей пищевой и энергетической ценности (ЭЦ) фактического питания высококвалифицированных спортсменов, специализирующихся в биатлоне. Материалы и методы: было обследовано 30 спортсменов (20 мужчин и 10 женщин) средний возраст которых составил 20,9±0,75 и 19,4±0,5 лет, соответственно. Исследования проводились на базе ФГБУН ФИЦ питания и биотехнологии в лаборатории иммунологии, и в ФГБУ Федеральном научно-клиническом центре спортивной медицины и реабилитации ФМБА России. Обследование спортсменов проводили в предсоревновательный период спортивной подготовки, который совпал по времени с проведением углубленного медицинского осмотра. Сбор данных, по фактическому питанию обследуемых проводили анкетно-опросным методом воспроизведения 24-часового питания. Определение количества потребляемой пищи проводили с использованием «Альбома порций продуктов и блюд». Расчет потребления пищевых веществ и энергии проводился с использованием электронной базы данных химического состава продуктов и блюд. Результаты: уровни энергетической ценности рационов составили 4043±230 (3732 – 4498 ккал/сут) у мужчин и 3479±156,4 (3228 – 3795 ккал/сут) у женщин. Соотношение белков, жиров и углеводов по калорийности в рационе спортсменов равнялось 14,5%, 37,3% 48,1% у мужчин, и 15,8%, 33,3% и 50,8% у женщин, соответственно. При этом для спортсменов, преимущественно тренирующих выносливость, по разным литературным данным, рекомендуемое соотношение БЖУ в рационе составляет 13-15%, 24-25% и 58-61%, соответственно. Выводы: у обследованных спортсменов наблюдалась тенденция к повышенному потреблению энергии за счет жиров (37,3±2,7% у мужчин; 33,3±2,5% у женщин) и недостаточному потреблению углеводов (48,1±3,1% и 50,8±2,3%, соответственно) при нормальном уровне потребления белка (14,5±1,3% у мужчин; 15,8±2,3% у женщин). Несмотря на то, что у женщин общее потребление углеводов было выше, чем у мужчин, доля сложных углеводов в структуре рациона была ниже на 7,5% (р&lt;0,05). Полученные данные свидетельствуют о несбалансированности питания для спортсменов данной категории.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Objective: evaluation of nutritional and energy value dietary intakes of elite athletes who engaged into biathlon. Materials and methods: 30 athletes (20 men and 10 women) were surveyed whose middle age was 20,9±0,75 и 19,4±0,5 years old, respectively. The studies were conducted in the immunology laboratory of Federal Researcher Centre of Nutrition and Biotechnology, and in the Federal Research and Clinical Center for Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia. Study was conducted during pre-competition period, simultaneously with profound medical examination. Data collection of surveyed athletes' dietary intakes was carried out using questionnaire-polling method of 24-hour nutrition replication. The measure of consume food amounts was performed by using the «Servings album of products and dishes». The estimation of nutrients and energy consumption was carried out using an electronic database of the chemical composition of products and dishes. Results: estimation of the energy and nutritional value of the athletes diet has shown a discrepancy between the obtained values and the recommendations for this group of physical activity. Levels of diet's energy value amounted to 4043±230 (3732 – 4498 kcal/day) by men and 3479±156,4 (3228 – 3795 kcal/day) by women. The ratio of caloric intake of proteins, fats and carbohydrates in the diets of athletes was 14.5%, 37.3%, 48.1% for men, and 15.8%, 33.3% and 50.8% for women, respectively. In this, for athletes who generally train endurance the recommended ratio of protein, fat and carbohydrates in the diet is 13-15%, 24-25% and 58-61%, respectively according to various literary data. Conclusions: among surveyed athletes, there was a tendency towards exceed energy intake due to fat (37.3±2.7% in men; 33.3±2.5% in women) and insufficient carbohydrate intake (48.1±3.1% and 50, 8±2.3%, respectively) with normal levels of protein intake (14.5±1.3% for men; 15.8±2.3% for women). Despite the fact that women had a higher intake of carbohydrates than men, the proportion of complex carbohydrates in the structure of the diet was 7.5% lower (p &lt;0.05). These findings indicate the diet imbalance of this athlete’s category.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>фактическое питание спортсменов</kwd><kwd>биатлон</kwd><kwd>белки</kwd><kwd>жиры</kwd><kwd>углеводы</kwd><kwd>пищевая ценность</kwd><kwd>энергетическая ценность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>dietary intake of athletes</kwd><kwd>biathlon</kwd><kwd>protein</kwd><kwd>fat</kwd><kwd>carbohydrates</kwd><kwd>nutritional value</kwd><kwd>energy value</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Арансон М.В. Португалов С.Н. Спортивное питание: состояние вопроса и актуальные проблемы // Вестник спортивной науки. 2011. №1. С. 33-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aranson MV, Portugalov SN. Sports nutrition: current state and actual problems. Vestnik sportivnoi nauki. 2011;(1):33-7. Russian.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Покровский А.А. Рекомендации по питанию спортсменов. Справочник. М.: ФиС, 1975. 170 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pokrovsky AA. Recommendations for nutrition athletes. Manual. Moscow, FiS, 1975. 170 p. Russian.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сергеев В.Н. Обоснование состава лечебно-профилактических рационов питания при заболеваниях опорно-двигательного аппарата // Вестник восстановительной медицины. 2019. №2. С. 58-65.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sergeev VN. The reasoning of the treatment and preventive nutrition in diseases of the musculoskeletal system. Vestnik vosstanovitelnoy meditsiny (Journal of restorative medicine and rehabilitation). 2019;(2):58-65. Russian.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Spriet LL. Nutritional and Environmental Influences on Athlete Health and Performance // Sports Medicine. 2018. Vol.48, Suppl. 1. P. 1-2. DOI: 10.1007/s40279-018-0863-y.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Spriet LL. Nutritional and Environmental Influences on Athlete Health and Performance. Sports Medicine. 2018;48 (Suppl. 1):1-2. DOI: 10.1007/s40279-018-0863-y.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Naclerio F, Larumbe-Zabala E, Larrosa M, Centeno A, Esteve-Lanao J, Moreno-Pérez D. Intake of Animal Protein Blend Plus Carbohydrate Improves Body Composition with no Impact on Performance in Endurance Athletes // Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2019. Vol.24. P. 1-22. DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.2018-0359.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Naclerio F, Larumbe-Zabala E, Larrosa M, Centeno A, Esteve-Lanao J, Moreno-Pérez D. Intake of Animal Protein Blend Plus Carbohydrate Improves Body Composition with no Impact on Performance in Endurance Athletes. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2019;24:1-22. DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.2018-0359.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wardenaar F, Brinkmans N, Ceelen I, Van Rooij B, Mensink M, Witkamp R, De Vries J. Macronutrient Intakes in 553 Dutch Elite and Sub-Elite Endurance, Team, and Strength Athletes: Does Intake Differ between Sport Disciplines? // Nutrients. 2017. Vol.9, №2. P. 119. DOI: 10.3390/nu9020119.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wardenaar F, Brinkmans N, Ceelen I, Van Rooij B, Mensink M, Witkamp R, De Vries J. Macronutrient Intakes in 553 Dutch Elite and Sub-Elite Endurance, Team, and Strength Athletes: Does Intake Differ between Sport Disciplines? Nutrients. 2017;9(2):119. DOI: 10.3390/nu9020119.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bezuglov E, Tikhonova A, Zueva A, Khaitin V, Lyubushkina A, Achkasov E, Waśkiewicz Z, Gerasimuk D, Żebrowska A, Nikolaidis PT, Rosemann T, Knechtle B. He dependence of running speed and muscle strength on the serum concentration of vitamin d in young male professional football players residing in the Russian federation // Nutrients. 2019. Vol.11, №9. P. 1960.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bezuglov E, Tikhonova A, Zueva A, Khaitin V, Lyubushkina A, Achkasov E, Waśkiewicz Z, Gerasimuk D, Żebrowska A, Nikolaidis PT, Rosemann T, Knechtle B. He dependence of running speed and muscle strength on the serum concentration of vitamin d in young male professional football players residing in the Russian federation. Nutrients. 2019;11(9):1960.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Воробьева В.М., Шатнюк Л.Н., Воробьева И.С., Михеева Г.А., Муравьева Н.Н., Зорина Е.Е., Никитюк Д.Б. Роль факторов питания при интенсивных физических нагрузках спортсменов // Вопросы питания. 2011. Т.80, №1. С. 70-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vorobyova VM, Shatnyuk LN, Vorobyova IS, Mikheeva GA, Muravyova NN, Zorina EE, Nikityuk DB. The role of nutritional factors in intensive physical activities of sportsmen. Problems of Nutrition. 2011;(6):70-7. Russian.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Макарова С.Г., Чумбадзе Т.Р., Поляков С.Д. Особенности питания юных спортсменов, занимающихся циклическими видами спорта // Вопросы педиатрии. 2015. Т.14, №3. С. 332-40.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Makarova SG, Chumbadze TR, Polyakov SD. Features of nutrition of young athletes engaged in cyclical sports. Voprosy sovremennoi pediatrii. 2015;14(3):332-40. Russian.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рубаненко Е.П., Буторина А.В. Рациональное питание в период занятий фитнесом и спортом // Спортивная медицина: наука и практика. 2012. №3. С. 26-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rubanenko EP, Butorina AV. Rational nutrition during the period of fitness and sports. Sportivnaya meditsina: nauka i praktika (Sports medicine: research and practice). 2012;(3):26-9. Russian.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Азизбекян Г.А., Лешик Я.Д., Поздняков А.Л. Основания к использованию спортсменами специализированных продуктов питания // Вопросы питания. 2008. Т.77, №6. С. 58-61.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Azizbekyan GA, Leshik YaD, Pozdnyakov AL, Nikityuk DB, Leonteva EV. The grounds exploit sportsmen of food products specialized. Problems of Nutrition. 2008;(6):58-61. Russian.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McCartney D, Desbrow B, Irwin C. Post-exercise Ingestion of Carbohydrate, Proteinand Water: A Systematic Review and Metaanalysis for Effects on Subsequent Athletic Performance // Sports Medicine. 2018. Vol.48, №2. P. 379-408. DOI: 10.1007/s40279-017-0800-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McCartney D, Desbrow B., Irwin C. Post-exercise Ingestion of Carbohydrate, Proteinand Water: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis for Effects on Subsequent Athletic Performance. Sports Medicine. 2018;48(2):379-408. DOI: 10.1007/s40279-017-0800-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Тутельян В.А. Химический состав и калорийность российских продуктов питания. Справочник. М.: ДеЛи, 2012. 283 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tutelyan VA. Chemical composition and caloric content of Russian food products. Directory. Мoscow, DeLi, 2012. 283 p. Russian.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мартинчик А.Н., Батурин А.К., Баева В.С. Альбом порций продуктов и блюд. М.: Красный пролетарий, 1985. 65 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Martinchik AN, Baturin AK, Baeva VS. Albom porciy produktov i blyud. Moscow, Krasnyy proletariy, 1985. 65 p. Russian.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Раджабкадиев Р.М., Вржесинская О.А., Бекетова Н.А., Кошелева О.В., Выборная К.В., Коденцова В.М. Содержание некоторых витаминов в рационе питания и сыворотке крови высококвалифицированных спортсменов // Вопросы питания. 2018. Т.87, №5. С. 43-51. DOI: 10.24411/0042-8833-2018-10052.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Radzhabkadiev RM, Vrzhesinskaya OA, Beketova NA, Kosheleva OV, Vybornaya KV. Content of some vitamins in food ration and blood serum of professional athletes. Problems of Nutrition. 2018;87(5):43-51. DOI: 10.24411/0042-8833-2018-10052.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мартинчик А.Н., Кешабянц Э.Э., Погожева А.В., Денисова Н.Н. Оценка фактического питания спортсменов циклических видов спорта с позиций принципов здорового питания // Современные вопросы биомедицины. 2018. Т.3, №2. С. 11-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Martinchik AN, Keshabyants EE, Pogozheva AV, Denisova NN. Evaluation of actual nutrition of cyclic sports athletes from the positions of healthy food principles. Modern issues of biomedicine. 2018;2(2):11-8. Russian.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bytomski JR. Fueling for Performance // Sports Health. 2018. Vol.10, №1. Р. 47-53. DOI: 10.1177/1941738117743913.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bytomski JR. Fueling for Performance. Sports Health. 2018;10(1):47-53. DOI: 10.1177/1941738117743913.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jäger R, Kerksick CM, Campbell BI, Cribb PJ, Wells SD, Skwiat TM, Purpura M, Ziegenfuss TN, Ferrando AA, Arent SM, Smith-Ryan AE, Stout JR, Arciero PJ, Ormsbee MJ, Taylor LW, Wilborn CD, Kalman DS, Kreider RB, Willoughby DS, Hoffman JR, Krzykowski JL, Antonio J. International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: protein and exercise // Sports Nutr. 2017. Vol.14, №20. DOI: 10.1186/s12970-017-0177-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jäger R, Kerksick CM, Campbell BI, Cribb PJ, Wells SD, Skwiat TM, Purpura M, Ziegenfuss TN, Ferrando AA, Arent SM, Smith-Ryan AE, Stout JR, Arciero PJ, Ormsbee MJ, Taylor LW, Wilborn CD, Kalman DS, Kreider RB, Willoughby DS, Hoffman JR, Krzykowski JL, Antonio J. International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: protein and exercise. Sports Nutr. 2017;14(20). DOI: 10.1186/s12970-017-0177-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
