smjournalСпортивная медицина: наука и практикаSports medicine: research and practice2223-25242587-9014NEICON10.17238/ISSN2223-2524.2020.2.41smjournal-201Research ArticleСПОРТИВНАЯ ТРАВМАТОЛОГИЯSPORTS TRAUMATOLOGYПовреждение мышц, вызванное физическими упражнениями: роль полиморфизма гена ACTN3Exercise muscle damage: the role of ACTN3 gene polymorphismhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1291-3379ОреховскаяЕ. В.OrekhovskayaE. V.

Ореховская Евгения Владимировна, преподаватель кафедры физического воспитания факультета физической культуры и спорта 

Кемерово

Evgenia V. Orekhovskaya, Lecturer of the Department of Physical training education

Kemerovo

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5839-5194МининА. В.MininA. V.

Минин Артем Вячеславович, студент Института фундаментальных наук 

+7(923)616-45-52

Кемерово

Artyom V. Minin, Senior of the Institute of Fundamental Sciences

+7(923)616-45-52

Kemerovo

avminin00@mail.ruФГБОУ ВО Кемеровский государственный университет, Министерство науки и высшего образования РФРоссияKemerovo State UniversityRussian Federation2020140920201024147Copyright © Ореховская Е.В., Минин А.В., 20202020Ореховская Е.В., Минин А.В.Orekhovskaya E.V., Minin A.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.smjournal.ru/jour/article/view/201

Известны различные виды повреждений мышц (судорога, контрактура, растяжение, надрыв и разрыв мышцы) от которых не застрахованы даже самые опытные спортсмены. В настоящее время уже известны определенные вариации генов или полиморфизмы, связанные с повреждением мышц, вызванным физической нагрузкой (то есть люди с определенными генотипами испытывают большее повреждение мышц и нуждаются в более длительном восстановлении после напряженных упражнений). Данный обзор сфокусирован на полиморфизме гена ACTN3 (Alpha-actinin-3 R577X, rs1815739), играющего важную роль в начальной фазе повреждения мышц, вызванных физическими упражнениями. Знания о том, как кто-то может ответить на определенный тип упражнений может помочь тренерам индивидуализировать тренировочные упражнения своих спортсменов и, тем самым, снизить риск травм, связанных с перегрузкой. Цель этого обзора - дать критический анализ литературы, касающейся полиморфизма гена ACTN3, связанного с повреждением мышц, вызванным физической нагрузкой, как у молодых, так и у пожилых людей, и выделить потенциальные механизмы, лежащие в основе этих ассоциаций, что обеспечит лучшее понимание повреждений мышц, вызванных физическими упражнениями.

Even the most experienced athletes are not safe from various types of muscle damage (cramp, contracture, sprain, tear and tear of the muscle). Nowadays, certain gene variations or polymorphisms associated with muscle damage caused by exercise are known. This review focuses on the polymorphism of the ACTN3 gene (Alpha-actinin-3 R577X, rs1815739), which plays an important role in the initial phase of muscle damage caused by exercises. Knowledge about how someone can respond to a specific type of exercises can help coaches individualize their athletes’ training exercises and thereby reduce the risk of injuries associated with overexertion. The purpose of this review is to provide a critical analysis of the literature on ACTN3 gene polymorphism associated with exercise-induced muscle damage both in young and old people, and the review highlights the potential mechanisms underlying these associations, which will provide a better understanding of exercise-induced muscle damage.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.