References

smjournal

Спортивная медицина: наука и практика

Sports medicine: research and practice

2223-25242587-9014

NEICON

10.47529/2223-2524.2020.3.18

smjournal-215

Research Article

СПОРТИВНОЕ ПИТАНИЕ

SPORTS SUPPLEMENTS

Нутритивная поддержка в спорте: Часть I. Роль макронутриентов в повышении выносливости спортсменов (обзор зарубежной литературы)

Nutritional support in sports: Part I. The role of macronutrients in increasing of endurance of athletes (review of foreign literature)

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2279-648X

Коростелева

М. М.

Korosteleva

M. M.

Коростелева Маргарита Михайловна, кандидат медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник

109240, Москва, Устьинский проезд, 2/14

Margarita M. Korosteleva, Ph.D., Senior Researcher

2/14, Ustinsky proezd, Moscow, 109240

korostel@bk.ru

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1237-5147

Кобелькова

И. В.

Kobel’kova

I. V.

Кобелькова Ирина Витальевна, кандидат медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории спортивной антропологии и нутрициологии

109240, Москва, Устьинский проезд, 2/14

Irina V. Kobel’kova, Ph.D., Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Sports Anthropology and Nutrition

2/14, Ustinsky proezd, Moscow, 109240

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1178-7534

Ханферьян

Р. А.

Khanferyan

R. A.

Ханферьян Роман Авакович, профессор, доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры иммунологии и аллергологии

117198, Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, 6.

Roman A. Khanferyan*, Professor, D.M.Sci., Professor, Department of Immunology and Allergology

6, str. Miklouho-Maclay, Moscow, 117198

ФГАНУ «Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт молочной промышленности»РоссияAll-Russian Research Institute of the Dairy IndustryRussian Federation

ФГБУН «Федеральный исследовательский центр питания, биотехнологии и безопасности пищи»РоссияFederal Research Center of Nutrition and Biotechnology and Food SafetyRussian Federation

ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов»РоссияPeoples’ Friendship University of RussiaRussian Federation

2020

05122020

1031826

2020

Коростелева М.М., Кобелькова И.В., Ханферьян Р.А.

Korosteleva M.M., Kobel’kova I.V., Khanferyan R.A.

Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://www.smjournal.ru/jour/article/view/215

Сбалансированный рацион питания и обоснованное включение в него специализированных пищевых продуктов играют ключевую роль в расширении адаптационного потенциала атлетов и влияют на эффективность тренировочного процесса. В обзоре рассматриваются современные научные данные, касающиеся потребностей спортсменов в пищевых веществах и энергии, для увеличения выносливости. Приводится сравнительная характеристика различных источников белка, углеводов, характеризуется значение жиров в спортивной практике, а также эффективность применения комбинаций различных макронутриентов при интенсивных физических нагрузках.

A balanced diet and intake of Specialized foodstuffs products play a key role in expanding the adaptive potential of athletes and affect the effectiveness of the training process. The review examines the current scientific evidence regarding the nutritional and energy needs of athletes to increase endurance. Comparative characteristics of various sources of protein, carbohydrates are given, the value of fats in sports practice, as well as the effectiveness of the use of combinations of various macronutrients during intense physical exertion are characterized.

выносливостьспорт высоких достижениймакронутриентыбелкиуглеводыжиры

endurancehigh performance sportsmacronutrientsproteinscarbohydratesfats

Публикация подготовлена при поддержке программы РУДН «5-100».

The publication was prepared with the support of the RUDN University “5-100” Program

References1

Position of the American Dietetic Association, Dietitians of Canada, and the American College of Sports Medicine: Nutrition and Athletic Performance. J Am Diet Assoc. 2000;100(12):1543–1556. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-8223(00)00428-4

Stellingwerff T., Maughan R.J., Burke L.M. Nutrition for Power Sports: Middle-Distance Running, Track Cycling, Rowing, Canoeing/Kayaking, and Swimming. J Sports Sci. 2011;29(1):S79–S89. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2011.589469

Holway F.E., Spriet L.L. Sport-specific Nutrition: Practical Strategies for Team Sports. J Sports Sci. 2011;29(1):S115–S125. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2011.605459

Tiller N.B., Roberts J.D., Beasley L., Chapman S., Pinto J.M., Smith L., et al. International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: nutritional considerations for single-stage ultra-marathon training and racing. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2019;16(1):50. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-019-0312-9

Thomas D.T., Erdman K.A., Burke L.M. Position of the academy of nutrition and dietetics, dietitians of Canada, and the American College of Sports Medicine: nutrition and athletic performance. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2016;116(3):501–528. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2015.12.006

Kato H., Suzuki K., Bannai M., Moore D.R. Protein requirements are elevated in endurance athletes after exercise as determined by the Indicator amino acid oxidation method. PLoS One. 2016;11(6):e0157406. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0157406

Phillips S.M. Protein requirements and supplementation in strength sports. Nutrition. 2004;20(7–8):689–695. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2004.04.009

Phillips S.M., Van Loon L.J. Dietary protein for athletes: from requirements to optimum adaptation. J.Sports Sci. 2011;29(1): S29–S38. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2011.619204

Phillips S.M. Dietary protein requirements and adaptive advantages in athletes. Br J Nutr. 2012;108(S2):S158–S167. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0007114512002516

Burd N.A., West D.W., Moore D.R., Atherton P.J., Staples A.W., Prior T., et al. Enhanced amino acid sensitivity of myofibrillar protein synthesis persists for up to 24 h after resistance exercise in young men. J Nutr. 2011;141(4):568–573. https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.110.135038

Jäger R., Kerksick C.M., Campbell B.I., Cribb P.J., Wells S.D., Skwiat T.M., et al. International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: protein and exercise. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2017;14(1):20. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-017-0177-8

Antonio J., Ellerbroek A., Silver T., Orris S., Scheiner M., Gonzalez A., Peacock C.A. A high protein diet (3.4 g/kg/d) combined with a heavy resistance training program improves body composition in healthy trained men and women—a follow-up investigation. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2015;12(1):39. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-015-0100-0

Antonio J., Ellerbroek A., Silver T., Vargas L., Tamayo A., Buehn R., Peacock C.A. A high protein diet has no harmful effects: a one-year crossover study in resistance-trained males. J Nutr Metab. 2016;2016:9104792. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/9104792

Wolfe R.R., Cifelli A.M., Kostas G., Kim Il-Young. Optimizing protein intake in adults: interpretation and application of the recommended dietary allowance compared with the acceptable macronutrient distribution range. Adv Nutr. 2017;8(2):266–275. https://doi.org/10.3945/an.116.013821

Cribb P.J., Williams A.D., Stathis C.G., Carey M.F., Hayes A. Effects of whey isolate, creatine, and resistance training on muscle hypertrophy. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2007;39(2):298–307. https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000247002.32589.ef

Kukuljan S., Nowson C.A., Sanders K., Daly R.M. Effects of resistance exercise and fortified milk on skeletal muscle mass, muscle size, and functional performance in middle-aged and older men: an 18-mo randomized controlled trial. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2009;107(6): 1864–1873. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00392.2009

Hulmi J.J., Kovanen V., Selanne H., Kraemer W.J., Hakkinen K., Mero A.A. Acute and long-term effects of resistance exercise with or without protein ingestion on muscle hypertrophy and gene expression. Amino Acids. 2009;37(2):297–308. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-008-0150-6

Josse A.R., Tang J.E., Tarnopolsky M.A., Tarno¬polsky M.A., Phillips S.M. Body composition and strength changes in women with milk and resistance exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2010;42(6):1122–1130. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181c854f6

Andersen L.L., Tufekovic G., Zebis M.K., Crameri R.M., Verlaan G., Kjaer M., et al. The effect of resistance training combined with timed ingestion of protein on muscle fiber size and muscle strength. Metabolism. 2005;54(2):151–156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2004.07.012

Cermak N.M., Res P.T., De Groot L.C., Saris W.M.H., van Loon L.J.C. Protein supplementation augments the adaptive response of skeletal muscle to resistance-type exercise training: a meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr. 2012;96(6):1454–1464. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.112.037556

Phillips S.M. The science of muscle hypertrophy: making dietary protein count. Proc Nutr Soc. 2011;70(1):100–103. https://doi.org/10.1017/S002966511000399X

Pasiakos S.M., Mclellan T.M., Lieberman H.R. The effects of protein supplements on muscle mass, strength, and aerobic and anaerobic power in healthy adults: a systematic review. Sports Med. 2015;45(1):111–131. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-014-0242-2

Kreider R.B., Serra M., Beavers K.M., Moreillon J., Kresta J.Y., Byrd M., et al. A structured diet and exercise program promotes favorable changes in weight loss, body composition, and weight maintenance. J Am Diet Assoc. 2011;111(6):828–843. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2011.03.013

Kerksick C., Thomas A., Campbell B., Taylor L., Wilborn C., Marcello B., et al. Effects of a popular exercise and weight loss program on weight loss, body composition, energy expenditure and health in obese women. Nutr Metab (Lond). 2009;6:23. https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-7075-6-23

Bosse J.D., Dixon B.M. Dietary protein to maximize resistance training: a review and examination of protein spread and change theories. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2012;9(1):42. https://doi.org/10.1186/1550-2783-9-42

Tipton K.D. Role of protein and hydrolysates before exercise. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2007;17(S1):S77–S86. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.17.s1.s77

Macnaughton L.S., Wardle S.L., Witard O.C., McGlory C., Hamilton D.L., Jeromson S., et al. The response of muscle protein synthesis following whole-body resistance exercise is greater following 40 g than 20 g of ingested whey protein. Physiol Rep. 2016;4(15):e12893. https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.12893

Tang J.E., Moore D.R., Kujbida G.W., Tarnopolsky M.A., Phillips S.M. Ingestion of whey hydrolysate, casein, or soy protein isolate: effects on mixed muscle protein synthesis at rest and following resistance exercise in young men. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2009;107(3):987–992. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00076.2009

Lemon P.W. Beyond the zone: protein needs of active individuals. J Am Coll Nutr. 2000;19(5):513S–521S. https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.2000.10718974

Katsanos C.S., Chinkes D.L., Paddon-Jones D., Zhang X.J., Aarsland A., Wolfe R.R. Whey protein ingestion in elderly persons results in greater muscle protein accrual than ingestion of its constituent essential amino acid content. Nutr Res. 2008;28(10):651–658. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2008.06.007

West D.W., Burd N.A., Coffey V.G., Baker S. K., Burke L.M., Hawley J. A., et al. Rapid aminoacidemia enhances myofibrillar protein synthesis and anabolic intramuscular signaling responses after resistance exercise. Am J Clin Nutr. 2011;94(3):795–803. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.111.013722

Paul G.L. The rationale for consuming protein blends in sports nutrition. J Am Coll Nutr. 2009;28(4):464S–472S. https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.2009.10718113

Kerksick C.M., Rasmussen C.J., Lancaster S.L., Magu B., Smith P., Melton C., et al. The effects of protein and amino acid supplementation on performance and training adaptations during ten weeks of resistance training. J Strength Cond Res. 2006;20(3):643–653. https://doi.org/10.1519/R-17695.1

Reidy P.T., Walker D.K., Dickinson J.M., Gundermann D.M., DrummondM.J., Timmerman K.L., et al. Protein blend ingestion following resistance exercise promotes human muscle protein synthesis. J Nutr. 2013;143(4):410–416. https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.112.168021

Cockburn E., Stevenson E., Hayes P.R., Robson-Ansley P., Howatson G. Effect of milk-based carbohydrate-protein supplement timing on the attenuation of exercise-induced muscle damage. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2010;35(3):270–277. https://doi.org/10.1139/H10-017

Wojcik J.R., Walber-Rankin J., Smith L.L., Gwazdauskas F.C. Comparison of carbohydrate and milk-based beverages on muscle damage and glycogen following exercise. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2001;11(4):406–419. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.11.4.406

Hartman J.W., Tang J.E., Wilkinson S.B., Tarnopolsky M.A., Lawrence R.L., Fullerton A.V., et al. Consumption of fat-free fluid milk after resistance exercise promotes greater lean mass accretion than does consumption of soy or carbohydrate in young, novice, male weightlifters. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007;86(2):373–381. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/86.2.373

Norton L., Wilson G.J. Optimal protein intake to maximize muscle protein synthesis. Agro Food Industry Hi-Tech. 2009;20:54–57.

Rennie MJ, Bohe J, Wolfe RR. Latency, duration and dose response relationships of amino acid effects on human muscle protein synthesis. J Nutr. 2002;132:3225S–3227S.

Burd N.A., Yang Y., Moore D.R., Tang J.E., Tarnopolsky M.A., Phillips S.M. Greater stimulation of myofibrillar protein synthesis with ingestion of whey protein isolate v. Micellar casein at rest and after resistance exercise in elderly men. Br J Nutr. 2012;108(6):958–962. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114511006271

Coffey V.G., Moore D.R., Burd N.A., Rerecich T., Stellingwerff T., Garnham A.P., et al. Nutrient provision increases signalling and protein synthesis in human skeletal muscle after repeated sprints. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2011;111(7):1473–1483. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-010-1768-0

Paddon-Jones D., Sheffield-Moore M., Aarsland A., Wolfe R.R., Ferrando A.A. Exogenous amino acids stimulate human muscle anabolism without interfering with the response to mixed meal ingestion. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2005;288(4):E761–E767. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00291.2004

Bohe J., Low J.F., Wolfe R.R., Rennie M.J. Latency and duration of stimulation of human muscle protein synthesis during continuous infusion of amino acids. J Physiol. 2001;532(2):575–579. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7793.2001.0575f.x

Atherton P.J., Etheridge T., Watt P.W., Wilkinson D., Selby A., Rankin D., et al. Muscle full effect after oral protein: time-dependent concordance and discordance between human muscle protein synthesis and mtorc1 signaling. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010;92(5):1080–1088. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.2010.29819

Phillips S.M., Tipton K.D., Aarsland A., Wolf S.E., Wolf R.R. Mixed muscle protein synthesis and breakdown after resistance exercise in humans. Am J Phys. 1997;273(1 Pt 1):E99–107. 10.1152/ajpendo.1997.273.1.E99

Borsheim E., Tipton K.D., Wolf S.E., Wolfe R.R. Essential amino acids and muscle protein recovery from resistance exercise. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2002;283(4):E648–E657. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00466.2001

Howarth K.R., Moreau N.A., Phillips S.M., Gibala M.J. Coingestion Of Protein With Carbohydrate During Recovery From Endurance Exercise Stimulates Skeletal Muscle Protein Synthesis In Humans. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2009;106(4):1394–1402. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.90333.2008

Van Loon L., Saris W.H., Kruijshoop M., Wagenma¬kers A.J. Maximizing Postexercise Muscle Glycogen Synthesis: Carbohydrate Supplementation And The Application Of Amino Acid Or Protein Hydrolysate Mixtures. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000;72(1):106–111. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/72.1.106

Jentjens R., Jeukendrup A. Determinants Of Post-Exercise Glycogen Synthesis During Short-Term Recovery. Sports Med. 2003;33(2):117–144. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200333020-00004

Cermak N.M., van Loon L.J.C. The Use of Carbohydrates During Exercise as an Ergogenic Aid. Sports Med. 2013;43(11):1139–1155. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-013-0079-0

Fuchs C.J., Gonzalez J.T., van Loon L.J.C. Fructose Co-Ingestion to Increase Carbohydrate Availability in Athletes. J Physiol. 2019;597(14):3549–3560. https://doi.org/10.1113/JP277116

Gonzalez J.T., Betts J.A. Dietary Sugars, Exercise and Hepatic Carbohydrate Metabolism. Proc Nutr Soc. 2019 May;78(2):246–256. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0029665118002604

Gonzalez J.T., Fuchs C.J., Betts J.A., van Loon L.J.C. Glucose Plus Fructose Ingestion for Post-Exercise Recovery-Greater Than the Sum of Its Parts? Nutrients. 2017;9(4):344. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9040344

Alghannam A.F., Gonzalez J.T., Betts J.A. Restoration of Muscle Glycogen and Functional Capacity: Role of Post-Exercise Carbohydrate and Protein Co-Ingestion. Nutrients. 2018;10(2):253. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10020253

Mclellan T.M., Pasiakos S.M., Lieberman H.R. Effects Of Protein In Combination With Carbohydrate Supplements On Acute Or Repeat Endurance Exercise Performance: A Systematic Review. Sports Med. 2014;44(4):535–550. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-013-0133-y

Rustad P.L., Sailer M., Cumming K.T., Jeppesen P.B., Kolnes K.J., Sollie O., et al. Intake Of Protein Plus Carbohydrate During The First Two Hours After Exhaustive Cycling Improves Performance The Following Day. PLoSOne. 2016;11(4):E0153229. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0153229. eCollection 2016

Bird S.P., Mabon T., Pryde M., Feebrey S., Cannon J. Triphasic Multinutrient Supplementation During Acute Resistance Exercise Improves Session Volume Load And Reduces Muscle Damage In Strength-Trained Athletes. Nutr Res. 2013;33(5):376–387. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2013.03.002

Bird S.P., Tarpenning K.M., Marino F.E. Independent And Combined Effects Of Liquid Carbohydrate/Essential Amino Acid Ingestion On Hormonal And Muscular Adaptations Following Resistance Training In Untrained Men. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2006;97(2):225–238. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-005-0127-z

Abdulla H., Smith K., Atherton P.J., Idris I. Role Of Insulin In The Regulation Of Human Skeletal Muscle Protein Synthesis And Breakdown: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis. Diabetologia. 2016;59(1):44–55. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-015-3751-0

Kinsey A.W., Ormsbee M.J. The Health Impact Of Nighttime Eating: Old And New Perspectives. Nutrients. 2015;7(4):2648–2662. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu7042648

Res P., Groen B., Pennings B., Beelen M., Wallis G.A., Gijsen A.P., et al. Protein Ingestion Before Sleep Improves Postexercise Overnight Recovery. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2012;44(8):1560–1569. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e31824cc363

Phinney S.D., Bistrian B.R., Evans W.J., Gervino E., Blackburn G.L. The human metabolic response to chronic ketosis without caloric restriction: preservation of submaximal exercise capability with reduced carbohydrate oxidation. Metabolism. 1983;32(8):769–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/0026-0495(83)90106-3

Cox P.J., Kirk T., Ashmore T., Willerton K., Evans R., Smith A., et al. Nutritional ketosis alters fuel preference and thereby endurance performance in athletes. Cell Metab. 2016;24(2):256–268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2016.07.010

Volek J.S., Freidenreich D.J., Saenz C., Kunces L.J., Creighton B.C., Bartley J.M., et al. Metabolic characteristics of keto-adapted ultra-endurance runners. Metabolism. 2016;65(3):100–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2015.10.028

Wang Y., Liu Z., Han Y., Xu J., Huang W., Li Z. Medium chain triglycerides enhances exercise endurance through the increased mitochondrial biogenesis and metabolism. PLoSOne. 2018;13(2):e0191182. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0191182

Cox P.J., Clarke K. Acute nutritional ketosis: implications for exercise performance and metabolism. Extrem Physiol Med. 2014;3:17. https://doi.org/10.1186/2046-7648-3-17

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.