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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">smjournal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Спортивная медицина: наука и практика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Sports medicine: research and practice</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2223-2524</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9014</issn><publisher><publisher-name>NEICON</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47529/2223-2524.2021.1.1</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">smjournal-247</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИЗИОЛОГИЯ И БИОХИМИЯ СПОРТА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SPORTS PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Состояние твердых тканей зубов и ротовой жидкости у спортсменов-пловцов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Condition of hard tissues of teeth and oral fluid in athletes-swimmers</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1065-0942</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гребенников</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grebennikov</surname><given-names>Yu. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гребенников Юрий Андреевич — аспирант сектора биохимии спорта</p><p>191040, Санкт-­Петербург, Лиговский пр., 56, литера Е+7 (911) 955­36­83</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yury A. Grebennikov — Postgraduate Student</p><p>56/E, Ligovsky ave., St. Petersburg, 191040+7 (911) 955­36­83</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">agrebenn@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2689-5503</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гольберг</surname><given-names>Н. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Golberg</surname><given-names>N. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гольберг Наталия Давидовна — к.б.н., заведующая сектором биохимии спорта</p><p>191040, Санкт-­Петербург, Лиговский пр., 56, литера Е</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia D. Golberg — Ph.D. (Biology), Head of the Department of Biochemistry</p><p>56/E, Ligovsky ave., St. Petersburg, 191040</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт физической культуры» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint-Petersburg Scientific-Research Institute for Physical Culture</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>04</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>19</fpage><lpage>23</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гребенников Ю.А., Гольберг Н.Д., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гребенников Ю.А., Гольберг Н.Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Grebennikov Y.A., Golberg N.D.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.smjournal.ru/jour/article/view/247">https://www.smjournal.ru/jour/article/view/247</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования: определить состояние твердых тканей зубов и изменение параметров слюны у спортсменов-­пловцов до и после 2­-часового тренировочного занятия в бассейне, где обеззараживание воды проводится хлором.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы: параметры слюны спортсменов-­пловцов, тренирующихся в спортивном комплексе «Грифон» Санкт­-Петербург (n = 21), возраст участников 18,1 ± 3,5 года, квалификация 1 разряд, МС, и спортсменов легкоатлетов СДЮШОР «Невского района» и СДЮШОР «Орленок» Санкт­-Петербурга (n = 18), возраст участников 18,8 ± 4,5 года, квалификация 1 разряд, КМС, анализировались различными тестами и включали в себя исследование уровней кальция (Ca), фосфора (P), фтора (F), а также pH до и после тренировочного занятия. Все спортсмены экспериментальной и контрольной групп проходили диагностическое обследование у врача­-стоматолога, включающее осмотр полости рта с определением индекса КПУ (сумма кариозных, пломбированных и удаленных постоянных зубов у обследуемого), осмотр характерных мест возникновения эрозий эмали зубов (бинокуляры медицинские) и опрос­анкетирование.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты: выявлена тенденция к снижению среднего рН слюны у пловцов после тренировочного занятия, варьирующегося от 6,9 ± 0,1 (перед тренировкой) до 6,5 ± 0,1 (после тренировки) (р &gt; 0,05). У легкоатлетов pH слюны изменилась недостоверно (7,1 ± 0,2 до тренировки и 7,0 ± 0,1 после тренировки) (р &lt; 0,05). У пловцов наблюдалось статистически значимое повышение уровней Ca (1,25 ± 0,15 ммоль/л до занятия и 1,56 ± 0,11 ммоль/л после занятия) и F (0,0010 ± 0,0003 ммоль/л до занятия и 0,0090 ± 0,0004 ммоль/л после занятия) в слюне. Уровень Р в слюне был достоверно снижен после тренировочного занятия (с 6,09 ± 0,39 до 3,89 ± 0,46 ммоль/л) (р &gt; 0,05). У легкоатлетов не выявлено достоверных изменений Ca, F и P до и после тренировочного занятия. В результате осмотра стоматолога у пловцов выявлено 3 спортсменки (14,3 %) с поражением эмали зубов, соответствующим эрозии и обусловленным локализованной деминерализацией. В контрольной группе легкоатлетов таких патологий не выявлено.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение: выявленные изменения параметров слюны у спортсменов­-пловцов (снижение свободного слюноотделения и повышение уровня Ca и F в слюне) могут способствовать деминерализации эмали зубов. Своевременное и контролируемое использование фторидов (в составе ополаскивателей полости рта, аппликационных гелей, фторлаков), регулярное проведение профилактических стоматологических осмотров с целью предотвращения потери минерального состава зубов при плавании в бассейнах, где обеззараживание производится хлором, сведут к минимуму риск развития окрашивания и эрозии твердых тканей зубов.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to determine the state of dental hard tissues and saliva parameters changing in competitive swimmers, before and after a 2­hour training session in the chlorinated water swimming pool.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods: saliva parameters of competitive swimmers trained in the sport club “Grifon”, city of St. Petersburg, Russia (n = 21), age of participants 18.1 ± 3.5 years, qualifications (1 category­Master of Sports) and track and field athletes of the sports schools “Nevsky district” and “Orlyonok”, city of St. Petersburg, Russia (n = 18), age of participants 18.80 ± 4.54 years, qualifications (1 category — Master of Sports), have been analyzed by various tests include a study of calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), fluorine (F) levels, and pH before and after training sessions. All athletes in the experimental and control groups have passed an examination by dentist, including: examination of the oral cavity with the determination of the KPU index (the sum of carious, filled and removed permanent teeth in the subject), examination of the most common places of occurrence of dental enamel erosion (medical binoculars) and filling out specially designed questionnaires.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: there was a tendency to decrease of the average saliva pH in competitive swimmers’ group after a training session, varying from 6.9 ± 0.1 (before training) to 6.5 ± 0.1 (after training) (p &gt; 0.05). In track and field athletes, saliva pH did not change significantly (7.1 ± 0.2 before training and 7.0 ± 0.1 after training) (p &lt; 0.05). The competitive swimmers showed a statistically significant increase in Calcium (Ca) levels (1.25 ± 0.15 mmol/L before exercise and 1.56 ± 0.11 mmol/L after exercise) and Fluorine (F) (0.0010 ± 0.0003 mmol / L before exercise and 0.0090 ± 0.0004 mmol / L after training session) in saliva. The Phosphorus (P) level in saliva was significantly reduced after the training session (from 6.09 ± 0.39 to 3.89 ± 0.46 mmol / L) (p &gt; 0.05). In track and field athletes, there were no significant changes in Ca, F and P levels before and after a training session. As a result of the dentist’s examination, competitive swimmers were found to have 3 athletes (14.3 %) with lesions of the teeth enamel, corresponding to dental erosion and caused by localized demineralization. In the control group of athletes, no such pathologies were revealed.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion: discovered saliva parameters changing in competitive swimmers (decrease in free salivation, pH level, and increase in the level of Ca and F in saliva) can contribute to the demineralization of tooth enamel. Timely and controlled use of fluorides (as part of mouth rinses, application gels, fluoride varnishes), regular preventive dental examinations, in order to prevent the loss of mineral composition of the teeth when swimming in chlorinated pools, will minimize the risk of staining and dental enamel erosions.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>стоматологический статус</kwd><kwd>физические нагрузки</kwd><kwd>плавание</kwd><kwd>pH ротовой полости</kwd><kwd>эрозия эмали зубов</kwd><kwd>состав слюны у пловцов</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>dental status</kwd><kwd>physical exercise</kwd><kwd>swimming</kwd><kwd>pH of the oral cavity</kwd><kwd>erosion of teeth</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Centerwall B.S., Armstrong C.W., Funkhouser L.S., Elzay R.P. 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