smjournalСпортивная медицина: наука и практикаSports medicine: research and practice2223-25242587-9014NEICON10.47529/2223-2524.2021.1.6smjournal-256Research ArticleОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ МЕДИЦИНЫ СПОРТАORGANIZATION OF TRAINING PROCESSПрофилактика десинхроноза в спортеJetlag prevention in sportshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7904-9565ЗагородныйГ. М.ZaharodnyH. M.

Загородный Геннадий Михайлович, к.м.н., врач высшей квалификационной категории по спортивной медицине, доцент кафедры спортивной медицины и лечебной физкультуры

220013, Республика Беларусь, Минск, ул. П. Бровки, 3, корпус 3

Hennady M. Zaharodny, M.D., Ph.D. (Medicine), doctor of the highest qualification category in sports medicine, associate professor of the Department of Sports Medicine and Rehab 

3/3, P. Brovki str., Minsk, 220013, Republic of Belarus

6911061@tut.byГУО «Белорусская медицинская академия последипломного образования»БеларусьBelarusian Medical Academy of Postgraduate EducationBelarus2021020620211117990Copyright © Загородный Г.М., 20212021Загородный Г.М.Zaharodny H.M.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.smjournal.ru/jour/article/view/256

Изложены механизмы развития джетлага у спортсменов. Предложены организационные решения профилактики дезадаптации. Рассмотрены предложения по подготовке к полету, коррекциям по прилете как медицинского, так и педагогического характера.

The reasons and mechanisms of development of jetlag in athletes are presented. Organizational solutions of maladaptation prevention are proposed. Proposals for preparation for flight, adjustments for arrival of both medical and pedagogical nature are looked at.

акклиматизациядесинхронозджетлагспортадаптацияпрофилактикаacclimatizationdesynchronosisjetlagsportsadaptationpreventionReferencesWorld Health Organization. International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD) [Internet]. Available at: https://www.who.int/standards/classifications/classification-of-diseasesWorld Health Organization. International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD) [Internet]. Available at: https://www.who.int/standards/classifications/classification-of-diseasesЗагородный Г.М., Иванчикова Н.Н., Шут Н.М. Рекомендации по адаптации спортсменов к условиям проведения XXXI Олимпийских игр в Бразилии. Прикладная спортивная наука. 2016;(1(3)):100–105.Zaharodny G., Ivanchikova N., Shut N. Recommendations on the adaptation of athletes to the conditions of the XXXI Olympic Games in Brazil. Prikladnaya sportivnaya nauka [Applied dispute science]. 2016;(1(3):100–105 (In Russ.).Lee A., Galvez J.C. Jet lag in athletes. Sports Health. 2012;4(3):211–216. https://doi.org/10.1177/1941738112442340Lee A., Galvez J.C. Jet lag in athletes. Sports Health. 2012;4(3):211–216. https://doi.org/10.1177/1941738112442340Janse van Rensburg D., Fowler P., Racinais S. Practical tips to manage travel fatigue and jet lag in athletes. Br. J. Sports Med. 2020 Nov 18:bjsports-2020-103163. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2020-103163Janse van Rensburg D., Fowler P., Racinais S. Practical tips to manage travel fatigue and jet lag in athletes. Br. J. Sports Med. 2020 Nov 18:bjsports-2020-103163. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2020-103163Samuels C. Jet lag and travel fatigue: a comprehensive management plan for sport medicine physicians and high-performance support teams. Clin. J. Sport Med. 2012;22(3):268–273. https://doi.org/10.1097/JSM.0b013e31824d2eebSamuels C. Jet lag and travel fatigue: a comprehensive management plan for sport medicine physicians and high-performance support teams. Clin. J. Sport Med. 2012;22(3):268–273. https://doi.org/10.1097/JSM.0b013e31824d2eebЗагородный Г.М., Иванчикова Н.Н., Мороз-Водолажская Н.Н., Сороколит Я.Л., Волкова Е.Г. Особенности адаптации организма гандболистов молодежной команды к климатическим условиям бразилии. Прикладная спортивная наука. 2015;(2):11–16.Zaharodny G., Ivanchikova N., Moroz-Vodolazhskaya N.N., Sorokolit Ya.L., Volkova E.G. Features of the adaptation of the body of handball players of the youth team to the climatic conditions of Brazil. Prikladnaya sportivnaya nauka [Applied dispute science]. 2015;(2):11–16 (In Russ.).Racinais S., Alonso J.M., Coutts A.J., Flouris A.D., Girard O., González-Alonso J., et al. Consensus recommendations on training and competing in the heat. Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports. 2015;25(1):6–19. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.12467Racinais S., Alonso J.M., Coutts A.J., Flouris A.D., Girard O., González-Alonso J., et al. Consensus recommendations on training and competing in the heat. Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports. 2015;25(1):6–19. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.12467Kölling S., Treff G., Winkert K., Ferrauti A., Meyer T., Pfeiffer M., Kellmann M. The effect of westward travel across five time zones on sleep and subjective jet-lag ratings in athletes before and during the 2015’s World Rowing Junior Championships. J. Sports Sci. 2017;35(22):2240–2248. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2016.1265141Kölling S., Treff G., Winkert K., Ferrauti A., Meyer T., Pfeiffer M., Kellmann M. The effect of westward travel across five time zones on sleep and subjective jet-lag ratings in athletes before and during the 2015’s World Rowing Junior Championships. J. Sports Sci. 2017;35(22):2240–2248. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2016.1265141Kölling S., Duffield R., Erlacher D., Venter R., Halson S.L. Sleep-Related Issues for Recovery and Performance in Athletes. Int. J. Sports Physiol. Perform. 2019;14(2):144–148. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2017-0746Kölling S., Duffield R., Erlacher D., Venter R., Halson S.L. Sleep-Related Issues for Recovery and Performance in Athletes. Int. J. Sports Physiol. Perform. 2019;14(2):144–148. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2017-0746Waterhouse J., Edwards B., Nevill A., Carvalho S., Atkinson G., Buckley P.,, et al. Identifying some determinants of “jet lag” and its symptoms: a study of athletes and other travellers. Br. J. Sports Med. 2002;36(1):54–60. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.36.1.54Waterhouse J., Edwards B., Nevill A., Carvalho S., Atkinson G., Buckley P.,, et al. Identifying some determinants of “jet lag” and its symptoms: a study of athletes and other travellers. Br. J. Sports Med. 2002;36(1):54–60. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.36.1.54Fowler P., Duffield R., Howle K., Waterson A., Vaile J., et al. Effects of northbound long-haul international air travel on sleep quantity and subjective jet lag and wellness in professional Australian soccer players. Int. J. Sports Physiol. Perform. 2015;10(5):648–654. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2014-0490Fowler P., Duffield R., Howle K., Waterson A., Vaile J., et al. Effects of northbound long-haul international air travel on sleep quantity and subjective jet lag and wellness in professional Australian soccer players. Int. J. Sports Physiol. Perform. 2015;10(5):648–654. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2014-0490Simim M., Souza H.S., Cardoso Filho C.A. Sleep quality monitoring in individual sports athletes: parameters and definitions by systematic review. Sleep Sci. 2020;13(4):267–285. https://doi.org/10.5935/1984-0063.20200032Simim M., Souza H.S., Cardoso Filho C.A. Sleep quality monitoring in individual sports athletes: parameters and definitions by systematic review. Sleep Sci. 2020;13(4):267–285. https://doi.org/10.5935/1984-0063.20200032Vitale K., Owens R., Hopkins S.R., Malhotra A. Sleep Hygiene for Optimizing Recovery in Athletes: Review and Recommendations. Int. J. Sports Med. 2019;40(8):535–543. 10.1055/a0905-3103Vitale K., Owens R., Hopkins S.R., Malhotra A. Sleep Hygiene for Optimizing Recovery in Athletes: Review and Recommendations. Int. J. Sports Med. 2019;40(8):535–543. 10.1055/a0905-3103Broatch J., Bishop D., Zadow E., Halson S. Effects of Sports Compression Socks on Performance, Physiological, and Hematological Alterations After Long-Haul Air Travel in Elite Female Volleyballers. J. Strength Cond. Res. 2019;33(2):492–501. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000003002Broatch J., Bishop D., Zadow E., Halson S. Effects of Sports Compression Socks on Performance, Physiological, and Hematological Alterations After Long-Haul Air Travel in Elite Female Volleyballers. J. Strength Cond. Res. 2019;33(2):492–501. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000003002Chammanchamunt S., Rojnuckarin P. Direct oral anticoagulants and travel related venous tromboelism. Open Med. 2018;(13):575–582. https://doi.org/10.1515/med-2018-0085Chammanchamunt S., Rojnuckarin P. Direct oral anticoagulants and travel related venous tromboelism. Open Med. 2018;(13):575–582. https://doi.org/10.1515/med-2018-0085Weitz J., Lensing A.W.A., Prins M.H., Bauersachs R., Beyer-Westendorf J., Bounameaux H., et al. Rivaroxaban or Aspirin for Extended of venous thromboembolism. N. Engl. J. Med. 2017;376(13):1211–1222. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1700518Weitz J., Lensing A.W.A., Prins M.H., Bauersachs R., Beyer-Westendorf J., Bounameaux H., et al. Rivaroxaban or Aspirin for Extended of venous thromboembolism. N. Engl. J. Med. 2017;376(13):1211–1222. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1700518Pigeon W.R., Carr M., Gorman C., Perlis M.L., et al. Effects of a tart cherry juice beverage on the sleep of older adults with insomnia: a pilot study. J. Med. Food. 2010;13(3):579–583. https://doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2009.0096Pigeon W.R., Carr M., Gorman C., Perlis M.L., et al. Effects of a tart cherry juice beverage on the sleep of older adults with insomnia: a pilot study. J. Med. Food. 2010;13(3):579–583. https://doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2009.0096Lindseth G., Lindseth P., Thompson M. Nutritional effects on sleep. West. J. Nurs. Res. 2013;35(4):497–513. https://doi.org/10.1177/0193945911416379Lindseth G., Lindseth P., Thompson M. Nutritional effects on sleep. West. J. Nurs. Res. 2013;35(4):497–513. https://doi.org/10.1177/0193945911416379Escobar C., Espitia-Bautista E., Guzmán-Ruiz M.A., Guerrero-Vargas N.N., Hernández-Navarrete M.A., ÁngelesCastellanos M., et al. Chocolate for breakfast prevents circadian desynchrony in experimental models of jet-lag and shift-work. Sci. Rep. 2020;10(1):6243. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-63227-wEscobar C., Espitia-Bautista E., Guzmán-Ruiz M.A., Guerrero-Vargas N.N., Hernández-Navarrete M.A., ÁngelesCastellanos M., et al. Chocolate for breakfast prevents circadian desynchrony in experimental models of jet-lag and shift-work. Sci. Rep. 2020;10(1):6243. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-63227-wChan V., Allman-Farinelli M. Efficacy of Functional Foods, Beverages, and Supplements Claiming to Alleviate Air Travel Symptoms: Protocol for a Systematic Review. JMIR Res. Protoc. 2020;9(3):e16155. https://doi.org/10.2196/16155Chan V., Allman-Farinelli M. Efficacy of Functional Foods, Beverages, and Supplements Claiming to Alleviate Air Travel Symptoms: Protocol for a Systematic Review. JMIR Res. Protoc. 2020;9(3):e16155. https://doi.org/10.2196/16155Claudino J., Gabbet T., de Sá Souza H., Simim M., Fowler P., de Alcantara Borba D., Melo M. Which parameters to use for sleep quality monitoring in team sport athletes? A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open Sport Exerc. Med. 2019;5(1):e000475. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2018-000475Claudino J., Gabbet T., de Sá Souza H., Simim M., Fowler P., de Alcantara Borba D., Melo M. Which parameters to use for sleep quality monitoring in team sport athletes? A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open Sport Exerc. Med. 2019;5(1):e000475. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2018-000475Paragliola R., Corsello A., Troiani E., Locantore P., Papi G., Donnini G., Pontecorvi A. Cortisol circadian rhythm and jet-lag syndrome: evaluation of salivary cortisol rhythm in a group of eastward travelers. Endocrine. 2021 Feb 4. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-021-02621-4Paragliola R., Corsello A., Troiani E., Locantore P., Papi G., Donnini G., Pontecorvi A. Cortisol circadian rhythm and jet-lag syndrome: evaluation of salivary cortisol rhythm in a group of eastward travelers. Endocrine. 2021 Feb 4. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-021-02621-4Meijer J., Deboer T., Michel S. In time for Beijing: influence of the biological clock on athletic performance. Ned. Tijdschr. Geneeskd. 2008;152(33):1809–1812.Meijer J., Deboer T., Michel S. In time for Beijing: influence of the biological clock on athletic performance. Ned. Tijdschr. Geneeskd. 2008;152(33):1809–1812.Vesic Z., Jakovljevic V., Nikolic Turnic T., VukasinovicVesic M., Bolevich S., Radakovic S. The influence of acclimatization on stress hormone concentration in serum during heat stress. Mol. Cell Biochem. 2021 Apr 21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11010-021-04153-xVesic Z., Jakovljevic V., Nikolic Turnic T., VukasinovicVesic M., Bolevich S., Radakovic S. The influence of acclimatization on stress hormone concentration in serum during heat stress. Mol. Cell Biochem. 2021 Apr 21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11010-021-04153-xMalgoyre A., Tardo-Dino P.E., Koulmann N., Lepetit B., Jousseaume L., Charlot K. Uncoupling psychological from physiological markers of heat acclimatization in a military context. J. Therm. Biol. 2018;77:145–156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtherbio.2018.08.017Malgoyre A., Tardo-Dino P.E., Koulmann N., Lepetit B., Jousseaume L., Charlot K. Uncoupling psychological from physiological markers of heat acclimatization in a military context. J. Therm. Biol. 2018;77:145–156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtherbio.2018.08.017Charlot K., Tardo-Dino P.E., Buchet J.F., Koulmann N., Bourdon S., Lepetit B., et al. Short-Term, Low-Volume Training Improves Heat Acclimatization in an Operational Context. Front Physiol. 2017;8:419. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2017.00419Charlot K., Tardo-Dino P.E., Buchet J.F., Koulmann N., Bourdon S., Lepetit B., et al. Short-Term, Low-Volume Training Improves Heat Acclimatization in an Operational Context. Front Physiol. 2017;8:419. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2017.00419Fowler P., McCall A., Jones M., Duffield R. Effects of long-haul transmeridian travel on player preparedness: Case study of a national team at the 2014 FIFA World Cup. J. Sci. Med. Sport. 2017;20(4):322–327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2016.08.021.Fowler P., McCall A., Jones M., Duffield R. Effects of long-haul transmeridian travel on player preparedness: Case study of a national team at the 2014 FIFA World Cup. J. Sci. Med. Sport. 2017;20(4):322–327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2016.08.021.Fowler P., Knez W., Crowcroft S., Mendham A.E., Miller J., Sargent C., et al. Greater Effect of East versus West Travel on Jet Lag, Sleep, and Team Sport Performance. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 2017;49(12):2548–2561. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000001374.Fowler P., Knez W., Crowcroft S., Mendham A.E., Miller J., Sargent C., et al. Greater Effect of East versus West Travel on Jet Lag, Sleep, and Team Sport Performance. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 2017;49(12):2548–2561. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000001374.Simmons E., McGrane O., Wedmore I. Jet lag modification. Curr. Sports Med. Rep. 2015;14(2):123–128. https://doi.org/10.1249/JSR.0000000000000133Simmons E., McGrane O., Wedmore I. Jet lag modification. Curr. Sports Med. Rep. 2015;14(2):123–128. https://doi.org/10.1249/JSR.0000000000000133Fullagar H., Duffield R., Skorski S., White D., Bloomfield J., Kölling S., et al. Sleep, Travel, and Recovery Responses of National Footballers During and After Long-Haul International Air Travel. Int. J. Sports Physiol. Perform. 2016;11(1):86–95. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2015-0012Fullagar H., Duffield R., Skorski S., White D., Bloomfield J., Kölling S., et al. Sleep, Travel, and Recovery Responses of National Footballers During and After Long-Haul International Air Travel. Int. J. Sports Physiol. Perform. 2016;11(1):86–95. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2015-0012Matthew B. Baird, Irfan M. Asif. Medications for Sleep Schedule Adjustments in Athletes. Sports Health. 2018;10(1):35–39. https://doi.org/10.1177/1941738117743205Matthew B. Baird, Irfan M. Asif. Medications for Sleep Schedule Adjustments in Athletes. Sports Health. 2018;10(1):35–39. https://doi.org/10.1177/1941738117743205Chagoya de Sanchez V., Hernandez-Munoz R., Suarez J., Vidrio S., Yáñez L., Aguilar-Roblero R., et al. Temporal variations of adenosine metabolism in human blood. Chronobiol. Int. 1996;13(3):163–177. https://doi.org/10.3109/07420529609012650Chagoya de Sanchez V., Hernandez-Munoz R., Suarez J., Vidrio S., Yáñez L., Aguilar-Roblero R., et al. Temporal variations of adenosine metabolism in human blood. Chronobiol. Int. 1996;13(3):163–177. https://doi.org/10.3109/07420529609012650Sanchez C., Cubero J., Sánchez J., Chanclón B., Rivero M., Rodríguez A.B., et. al. The possible role of human milk nucleotides as sleep inducers. Nutr. Neurosci. 2009;12(1):2–8. https://doi.org/10.1179/147683009X388922Sanchez C., Cubero J., Sánchez J., Chanclón B., Rivero M., Rodríguez A.B., et. al. The possible role of human milk nucleotides as sleep inducers. Nutr. Neurosci. 2009;12(1):2–8. https://doi.org/10.1179/147683009X388922Yamadera W., Inagawa K., Chiba S., Bannai M., Takahashi M., Nakayama K., et al. Glycine ingestion improves subjective sleep quality in human volunteers, correlating with polysomnographic changes. Sleep Biol. Rhythms. 2007;5(2):126–131. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1479-8425.2007.00262.xYamadera W., Inagawa K., Chiba S., Bannai M., Takahashi M., Nakayama K., et al. Glycine ingestion improves subjective sleep quality in human volunteers, correlating with polysomnographic changes. Sleep Biol. Rhythms. 2007;5(2):126–131. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1479-8425.2007.00262.xTaylor L., Chrismas B.C., Dascombe B., Chamari K., Fowler P.M. Sleep Medication and Athletic Performance-The Evidence for Practitioners and Future Research Directions. Front. Physiol. 2016;7:83. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2016.00083Taylor L., Chrismas B.C., Dascombe B., Chamari K., Fowler P.M. Sleep Medication and Athletic Performance-The Evidence for Practitioners and Future Research Directions. Front. Physiol. 2016;7:83. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2016.00083Guadagna S., Barattini D.F., Rosu S., Ferini-Strambi L. Plant Extracts for Sleep Disturbances: A Systematic Review. Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med. 2020;2020:3792390. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/3792390Guadagna S., Barattini D.F., Rosu S., Ferini-Strambi L. Plant Extracts for Sleep Disturbances: A Systematic Review. Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med. 2020;2020:3792390. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/3792390Malhotra R. Sleep, Recovery, and Performance in Sports. Neurol. Clin. 2017;35(3):547–557. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ncl.2017.03.002Malhotra R. Sleep, Recovery, and Performance in Sports. Neurol. Clin. 2017;35(3):547–557. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ncl.2017.03.002Jalilolghadr S., Afaghi A., O’Connor H., et al. Effect of low and high glycaemic index drink on sleep pattern in children. J. Pak. Med. Assoc. 2011;61(6):533–536.Jalilolghadr S., Afaghi A., O’Connor H., et al. Effect of low and high glycaemic index drink on sleep pattern in children. J. Pak. Med. Assoc. 2011;61(6):533–536.Cotter J.D., Parr E.B., Silcock P. Physiological testing of a beverage system designed for long-haul air travel. Extreme Physiol. Med. 2015;4:A61. https://doi.org/10.1186/2046-7648-4-S1-A61Cotter J.D., Parr E.B., Silcock P. Physiological testing of a beverage system designed for long-haul air travel. Extreme Physiol. Med. 2015;4:A61. https://doi.org/10.1186/2046-7648-4-S1-A61Mearin F., Cirzia C., Minguez M., Rey E., Mascort J.J., Peña E., et al. Irritable bowel syndrome with constipation and functional constipation in adults: Treatment. Atencion primaria. 2017;49(3):177–194.Mearin F., Cirzia C., Minguez M., Rey E., Mascort J.J., Peña E., et al. Irritable bowel syndrome with constipation and functional constipation in adults: Treatment. Atencion primaria. 2017;49(3):177–194.Bouscaren N., Faricier R., Millet G.Y., Racinais S. Heat Acclimatization, Cooling Strategies, and Hydration during an UltraTrail in Warm and Humid Conditions. Nutrients. 2021;13(4):1085. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13041085Bouscaren N., Faricier R., Millet G.Y., Racinais S. Heat Acclimatization, Cooling Strategies, and Hydration during an UltraTrail in Warm and Humid Conditions. Nutrients. 2021;13(4):1085. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13041085Самушия К.А., Загородный Г.М. Оценка дегидратации в спорте. Прикладная спортивная наука. 2019;(2(10)): 111–116.Samushia K., Zaharodny G. Assessment of dehydration in sports. Applied Sports Science. 2019;(2(10)): 111–116.Hamilton B., Exeter D., Beable S., Coleman L., Milne C. Zika Virus and the Rio Olympic Games. Clin. J. Sport Med. 2019;29(6):523–526. https://doi.org/10.1097/JSM.0000000000000551Hamilton B., Exeter D., Beable S., Coleman L., Milne C. Zika Virus and the Rio Olympic Games. Clin. J. Sport Med. 2019;29(6):523–526. https://doi.org/10.1097/JSM.0000000000000551Soligard T., Steffen K., Palmer D., Alonso J.M., Bahr R., Lopes A.D., et al. Sports injury and illness incidence in the Rio de Janeiro 2016 Olympic Summer Games: A prospective study of 11274 athletes from 207 countries. Br. J. Sports Med. 2017;51(17):1265–1271. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2017-097956Soligard T., Steffen K., Palmer D., Alonso J.M., Bahr R., Lopes A.D., et al. Sports injury and illness incidence in the Rio de Janeiro 2016 Olympic Summer Games: A prospective study of 11274 athletes from 207 countries. Br. J. Sports Med. 2017;51(17):1265–1271. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2017-097956Soligard T, Palmer D., Steffen K., Lopes A.D., Grant M.E., Kim D., et al. Sports injury and illness incidence in the PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games: a prospective study of 2914 athletes from 92 countries. Br. J. Sports Med. 2019;53(17):1085–1092. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2018-100236Soligard T, Palmer D., Steffen K., Lopes A.D., Grant M.E., Kim D., et al. Sports injury and illness incidence in the PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games: a prospective study of 2914 athletes from 92 countries. Br. J. Sports Med. 2019;53(17):1085–1092. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2018-100236Shimizu K., Teshima A., Mase H. Measles and Rubella during COVID-19 Pandemic: Future Challenges in Japan. Int. J. Environ Res. Public Health. 2020;18(1):9. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18010009Shimizu K., Teshima A., Mase H. Measles and Rubella during COVID-19 Pandemic: Future Challenges in Japan. Int. J. Environ Res. Public Health. 2020;18(1):9. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18010009Daanen H., Bose-O’Reilly S., Brearley M., Flouris D.A., Gerrett N.M., Huynen M., et al. COVID-19 and thermoregulationrelated problems: Practical recommendations. Temperature (Austin). 2020;8(1):1–11. https://doi.org/10.1080/23328940.2020.1790971Daanen H., Bose-O’Reilly S., Brearley M., Flouris D.A., Gerrett N.M., Huynen M., et al. COVID-19 and thermoregulationrelated problems: Practical recommendations. Temperature (Austin). 2020;8(1):1–11. https://doi.org/10.1080/23328940.2020.1790971Yanagisawa N., Wada K., Spengler J.D., Sanchez-Pina R. Health preparedness plan for dengue detection during the 2020 summer Olympic and Paralympic games in Tokyo. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. 2018;12(9):e0006755. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006755Yanagisawa N., Wada K., Spengler J.D., Sanchez-Pina R. Health preparedness plan for dengue detection during the 2020 summer Olympic and Paralympic games in Tokyo. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. 2018;12(9):e0006755. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006755Shimizu K., Gilmour S., Mase H., Le P.M., Teshima A., Sakamoto H., Nomura S. COVID-19 and Heat Illness in Tokyo, Japan: Implications for the Summer Olympic and Paralympic Games in 2021. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2021;18(7):3620. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073620Shimizu K., Gilmour S., Mase H., Le P.M., Teshima A., Sakamoto H., Nomura S. COVID-19 and Heat Illness in Tokyo, Japan: Implications for the Summer Olympic and Paralympic Games in 2021. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2021;18(7):3620. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073620Cheng W., Spengler J.O., Brown R.D. A Comprehensive Model for Estimating Heat Vulnerability of Young Athletes. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2020;17(17):6156. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176156Cheng W., Spengler J.O., Brown R.D. A Comprehensive Model for Estimating Heat Vulnerability of Young Athletes. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2020;17(17):6156. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176156Kakamu T., Wada K., Smith D.R., Endo S., Fukushima T. Preventing heat illness in the anticipated hot climate of the Tokyo 2020 Summer Olympic Games. Environ. Health Prev. Med. 2017;22(1):68. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12199-017-0675-yKakamu T., Wada K., Smith D.R., Endo S., Fukushima T. Preventing heat illness in the anticipated hot climate of the Tokyo 2020 Summer Olympic Games. Environ. Health Prev. Med. 2017;22(1):68. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12199-017-0675-yDe Angelis G., Lohmeyer F.M., Grossi A., Posteraro B., Sanguinetti M. Hand hygiene and facemask use to prevent droplettransmitted viral diseases during air travel: a systematic literature review. BMC Public Health. 2021;21(1):760. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-10814-9De Angelis G., Lohmeyer F.M., Grossi A., Posteraro B., Sanguinetti M. Hand hygiene and facemask use to prevent droplettransmitted viral diseases during air travel: a systematic literature review. BMC Public Health. 2021;21(1):760. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-10814-9Keaney L., Kilding A.E., Merien F., Dulson D.K. Keeping Athletes Healthy at the 2020 Tokyo Summer Games: Considerations and Illness Prevention Strategies. Front Physiol. 2019;10:426. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.00426Keaney L., Kilding A.E., Merien F., Dulson D.K. Keeping Athletes Healthy at the 2020 Tokyo Summer Games: Considerations and Illness Prevention Strategies. Front Physiol. 2019;10:426. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.00426Adams W., Périard J. Returning to Sport Following COVID-19: Considerations for Heat Acclimatization in Secondary School Athletics. Sports Med. 2020;50(9):1555–1557. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-020-01301-zAdams W., Périard J. Returning to Sport Following COVID-19: Considerations for Heat Acclimatization in Secondary School Athletics. Sports Med. 2020;50(9):1555–1557. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-020-01301-zRacinais S., Périard J.D. Benefits of heat re-acclimation in the lead-up to the Tokyo Olympics. Br. J. Sports Med. 2020;54(16):945–946. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2020-102299Racinais S., Périard J.D. Benefits of heat re-acclimation in the lead-up to the Tokyo Olympics. Br. J. Sports Med. 2020;54(16):945–946. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2020-102299Gerrett N., Kingma B.R.M., Sluijter R., Daanen H.A.M. Ambient Conditions Prior to Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games: Considerations for Acclimation or Acclimatization Strategies. Front. Physiol. 2019;10:414. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.00414Gerrett N., Kingma B.R.M., Sluijter R., Daanen H.A.M. Ambient Conditions Prior to Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games: Considerations for Acclimation or Acclimatization Strategies. Front. Physiol. 2019;10:414. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.00414Vanos J., Kosaka E., Iida A., Yokohari M., Middel A., Scott-Fleming I., Brown R.D. Planning for spectator thermal comfort and health in the face of extreme heat: The Tokyo 2020 Olympic marathons. Sci. Total Environ. 2019;657:904–917. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.447Vanos J., Kosaka E., Iida A., Yokohari M., Middel A., Scott-Fleming I., Brown R.D. Planning for spectator thermal comfort and health in the face of extreme heat: The Tokyo 2020 Olympic marathons. Sci. Total Environ. 2019;657:904–917. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.447Silva M.G., Paiva T., Silva H.H. The elite athlete as a special risk traveler and the jet lag’s effect: lessons learned from the past and how to be prepared for the next Olympic Games 2020 Tokyo. J. Sports Med. Phys. Fitness. 2019;59(8):1420–1429. https://doi.org/10.23736/S0022-4707.18.08894-1Silva M.G., Paiva T., Silva H.H. The elite athlete as a special risk traveler and the jet lag’s effect: lessons learned from the past and how to be prepared for the next Olympic Games 2020 Tokyo. J. Sports Med. Phys. Fitness. 2019;59(8):1420–1429. https://doi.org/10.23736/S0022-4707.18.08894-1Nakamura S., Wada K., Yanagisawa N., Smith D.R. Health risks and precautions for visitors to the Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games. Travel Med. Infect. Dis. 2018;22:3–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmaid.2018.01.005Nakamura S., Wada K., Yanagisawa N., Smith D.R. Health risks and precautions for visitors to the Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games. Travel Med. Infect. Dis. 2018;22:3–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmaid.2018.01.005Черепанова Е.В., Горбунов С.С. Причины снижения результативности выступления российских спортсменов на Олимпийских играм. В: Туголукова А.В., ред. Перспективы развития науки и образования: Сб. научных трудов по материалам XXVI международной научно-практической конференции; 2018, с. 196–202.Cherepanova E., Gorbunov S. The reasons for the decrease in the performance of Russian athletes at the Olympic Games. In: Tugolukova A.V., ed. Prospects for the development of science and development. Collection scientific papers on materials of the XXVI International Scientific and Practical Conference; 2018, p. 196–202 (In Russ.).

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.