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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">smjournal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Спортивная медицина: наука и практика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Sports medicine: research and practice</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2223-2524</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9014</issn><publisher><publisher-name>NEICON</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47529/2223-2524.2021.3.7</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">smjournal-300</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>БИОМЕДИЦИНСКИЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>BIOMEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Возможности использования транскраниальной стимуляции постоянным током (tDCS) в спорте высших достижений</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Possibilities of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) use in elite sport</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3609-7396</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баршак</surname><given-names>С. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Barshak</surname><given-names>S. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сергей Игоревич Баршак, медицинский психолог отдела медико-психологического обеспечения спортивных сборных команд России </p><p>121059, Москва, Большая Дорогомиловская ул., 5</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey I. Barshak, medical psychologist of the Department of Medical and Psychological Support of Sports Teams </p><p>5, Bolshaya Dorogomilovskaya str., Moscow, 121059</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4086-5992</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дидур</surname><given-names>М. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Didur</surname><given-names>M. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Михаил Дмитриевич Дидур, д.м.н, профессор, директор </p><p>197376, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Павлова, 12а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail D. Didur, M.D., D.Sc. (Medicine), Professor, Director </p><p>12a, Akademician Pavlov str., Saint Petersburg. 197367</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6567-0118</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Завьялов</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zavyalov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Владимир Владимирович Завьялов, врач по спортивной медицине отдела медицинского обеспечения спортивных сборных команд и соревнований </p><p>121059, Москва, Большая Дорогомиловская ул., 5</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir V. Zavyalov, M.D., sports medicine doctor of the Department of Medical Support for Sports Teams and Competitions </p><p>5, Bolshaya Dorogomilovskaya str., Moscow, 121059</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5895-3053</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кара</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kara</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ольга Викторовна Кара, к.б.н., научный сотрудник </p><p>197376, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Павлова, 12а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga V. Kara, Ph.D. (Biology), researcher </p><p>12a, Akademician Pavlov str., Saint Petersburg. 197367</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2168-921X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Митин</surname><given-names>И. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mitin</surname><given-names>I. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Игорь Николаевич Митин, к.м.н., ведущий научный сотрудник организационно-исследовательского отдела </p><p>121059, Москва, Большая Дорогомиловская ул., 5</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Igor N. Mitin, M.D., Ph.D. (Medicine), leading researcher of organizational research department </p><p>5, Bolshaya Dorogomilovskaya str., Moscow, 121059</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1147-6437</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Назаров</surname><given-names>К. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nazarov</surname><given-names>K. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кирилл Сергеевич Назаров, психолог отдела медико-психологического обеспечения спортивных сборных команд России </p><p>121059, Москва, Большая Дорогомиловская ул., 5</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kirill S. Nazarov, psychologist of the Department of Medical and Psychological Support of Sports Teams of the Russian Federation </p><p>5, Bolshaya Dorogomilovskaya str., Moscow, 121059</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7074-5337</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Оганнисян</surname><given-names>М. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ogannisyan</surname><given-names>M. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мкртыч Гагикович Оганнисян, к.б.н., старший научный сотрудник организационно-исследовательского отдела </p><p>121059, Москва, Большая Дорогомиловская ул., 5</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mkrtich G. Ogannisyan, Ph.D. (Biology), senior researcher of organizational research department </p><p>5, Bolshaya Dorogomilovskaya str., Moscow, 121059</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Федеральный научно-клинический центр спортивной медицины и реабилитации Федерального медико-биологического агентства»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Research and Clinical Center of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation of Federal Medical Biological Agency</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУН «Институт мозга человека им. Н. П. Бехтеревой Российской академии наук»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.P. Bekhtereva Institute of Human Brain of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>11</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>64</fpage><lpage>72</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Баршак С.И., Дидур М.Д., Завьялов В.В., Кара О.В., Митин И.Н., Назаров К.С., Оганнисян М.Г., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Баршак С.И., Дидур М.Д., Завьялов В.В., Кара О.В., Митин И.Н., Назаров К.С., Оганнисян М.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Barshak S.I., Didur M.D., Zavyalov V.V., Kara O.V., Mitin I.N., Nazarov K.S., Ogannisyan M.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.smjournal.ru/jour/article/view/300">https://www.smjournal.ru/jour/article/view/300</self-uri><abstract><p>Транскраниальная стимуляция постоянным электрическим током малой интенсивности (tDCS) является методом воздействия, позволяющим модулировать функционирование центральной нервной системы и проводить профилактику и терапию различных неблагоприятных состояний, связанных с ее деятельностью. В связи с тем что существуют свидетельства эффективности данного метода в улучшении силовых показателей, скорости и точности реакции, повышении эффективности освоения моторных навыков, он представляется перспективным в спорте высших достижений. В настоящей работе приводится обзор исследований, посвященных методу tDCS и его влиянию на функционирование ЦНС с акцентом на потенциальную применимость в спорте. Демонстрируется, что базовым механизмом воздействия tDCS на функционирование ЦНС является ее способность влиять на возбудимость нейронов. Приводятся результаты исследований, показывающих, что tDCS способна влиять на различные компоненты электрокорковых потенциалов, на амплитуду моторного вызванного потенциала, а также на механизмы долговременной потенциации и, как следствие, на клеточные механизмы обучения двигательным навыкам и на процессы нейропластичности в целом. Отмечается благотворное влияние tDCS на избирательность внимания и на способность к обнаружению стимулов. Кроме того, рассмотрен ряд исследований, в которых показано, что этот метод может повышать эффективность выполнения арифметических действий и решения проблемных задач. В контексте спорта важным представляется влияние электрической стимуляции моторных областей на процессы обучения двигательным навыкам и на точность произвольных движений. Также важным представляется способность этого метода влиять на скоростно-силовые показатели, а именно на максимальную силу изометрического сокращения различных групп мышц и на взрывную силу, а также на показатели выносливости. В обзоре также показано, что метод tDCS является достаточно безопасным и серьезные неблагоприятные эффекты встречаются крайне редко; наиболее часто встречающимся неблагоприятным эффектом является местное раздражение кожи из-за неоптимальной установки электродов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Transcranial direct current stimulation has proven to be the method that can modulate neural activity in various cases. As this method has been shown to be effective in improving muscular strength, reaction time and accuracy, motor learning, it seems to be promising in elite sports.</p><p>This paper provides an overview of studies on tDCS and its impact on central nervous system functioning, with an emphasis on potential sports utility. This review demonstrates that the basic mechanism of the effect of tDCS on nervous system functioning is its ability to modulate the excitability of neurons.</p><p>tDCS is able to influence various components of electrocortical potentials, the amplitude of the motor evoked potential, as well as the mechanisms of long-term potentiation and, as a consequence, the cellular mechanisms of motor learning and neuroplasticity in general. The beneficial effect of tDCS on attention selectivity and signal detection has been noted. It is also shown that tDCS can accelerate learning and enhance performance in a range of complex cognitive tasks.</p><p>In addition, a number of studies showing that tDCS can increase the efficiency of performing arithmetic and problem solving tasks are considered.</p><p>In the context of sports, the influence of tDCS over motor areas on motor learning and on the accuracy of voluntary movements seems to be important. Its ability to influence speed and strength indicators, namely, the maximum isometric force of various muscle groups and explosive strength, as well as endurance indicators seems promising, too. The review also shows that tDCS is reasonably safe and that serious adverse effects are extremely rare; the most common adverse effect is local skin irritation due to poor electrode placement.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>спорт высших достижений</kwd><kwd>транскраниальная электрическая стимуляция постоянным током малой интенсивности</kwd><kwd>функциональные состояния</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>elite athletes</kwd><kwd>transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)</kwd><kwd>functional states</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sarmiento C., San-Juan D., Prasath V. Letter to the Editor: Brief history of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS): from electric fishes to microcontrollers. Psychol. 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