smjournalСпортивная медицина: наука и практикаSports medicine: research and practice2223-25242587-9014NEICON10.47529/2223-2524.2021.4.2smjournal-323Research ArticleБИОМЕДИЦИНСКИЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИBIOMEDICAL TECHNOLOGIESСовременные рациональные способы выявления генетических особенностей спортсменовModern (rational) methods for detecting genetic features of athletesЖолинскийА. В.ZholinskyA. V.

Жолинский Андрей Владимирович, к.м.н., директор

121059, Россия, Москва, ул. Б. Дорогомиловская, 5

+7 (499) 795-68-53

Anastasia I. Kadykova, doctor of clinical laboratory diagnostics

5, Bolshaya Dorogomilovskaya str., Moscow, 121059, Russia

+7 (960) 878-26-17

ZholinskiiAV@sportfmba.ruКадыковаА. И.KadykovaA. I.

Кадыкова Анастасия Игоревна, врач клинической лабораторной диагностики

121059, Россия, Москва, ул. Б. Дорогомиловская, 5

+7 (960) 878-26-17

Anastasia I. Kadykova, doctor of clinical laboratory diagnostics

5, Bolshaya Dorogomilovskaya str., Moscow, 121059, Russia

+7 (960) 878-26-17

KadykovaAI@sportfmba.ruФещенкоВ. С.FeshchenkoV. S.

Фещенко Владимир Сергеевич , к.м.н., начальник организационно- исследовательского отдела; ассистент кафедры реабилитации, спортивной медицины и физической культуры

121059, Россия, Москва, ул. Б. Дорогомиловская, 5

117997, Россия, Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1, стр. 2 Москва, Россия

+7 (499) 795-68-53

Vladimir S. Feshchenko, M.D., Ph.D. (Medicine), Head of the Organizational-Research Department; Assistant Professor of the Department of Rehabilitation, Sports Medicine and Physical Education

5, Bolshaya Dorogomilovskaya str., Moscow, 121059, Russia

5, bld. 2, Ostrovityanova str., Moscow, 117997, Russia

+7 (499) 795-68-53

vfmed@yandex.ruОганнисянМ. Г.HovhannisyanM. G.

Оганнисян Мкртыч Гагикович, к.б.н., начальник организационно- исследовательского отдела

121059, Россия, Москва, ул. Б. Дорогомиловская, 5

+7 (499) 795-68-53

Mkrtych G. Hovhannisyan, M.D., Ph.D. (Biology), Head of the Organizational-Research Department

5, Bolshaya Dorogomilovskaya str., Moscow, 121059, Russia

+7 (499) 795-68-53

OgannisyanMG@sportfmba.ruЗоренкоА. В.ZorenkoA. V.

Зоренко Алла Владимировна, врач по спортивной медицине

121059, Россия, Москва, ул. Б. Дорогомиловская, 5

+7 (499) 795-68-53

Anna V. Zorenko, sports medicine physician of the Federal Research and Medical Center

5, Bolshaya Dorogomilovskaya str., Moscow, 121059

+7 (499) 795-68-53

ZorenkoAV@sportfmba.ruДеевР. В.DeevR. V.

Деев Роман Вадимович, к.м.н., доцент, ведущий научный сотрудник; заведующий кафедрой патологической анатомии

121059, Россия, Москва, ул. Б. Дорогомиловская, 5

191015, Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Кирочная, 41

+7 (499) 795-68-53

Roman V. Deev, M.D., Ph.D. (Medicine), lead researcher; Head of the Departament of Pathological Anatomy

5, Bolshaya Dorogomilovskaya str., Moscow, 121059, Russia

41 Kirochnaya str., St. Petersburg 191015, Russia

Roman.Deev@szgmu.ruФГБУ «Федеральный научно-клинический центр спортивной медицины и реабилитации ФМБА России»РоссияFederal Scientific and Clinical Center for Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation of the FMBA of RussiaRussian FederationФГБУ «Федеральный научно-клинический центр спортивной медицины и реабилитации ФМБА России»; ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияFederal Scientific and Clinical Center for Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation of the FMBA of Russia; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (Pirogov Medical University)Russian FederationФГБУ «Федеральный научно-клинический центр спортивной медицины и реабилитации ФМБА России»; ФГБОУ ВО «Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И.И. Мечникова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияFederal Scientific and Clinical Center for Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation of the FMBA of Russia; I.I. Mechnikov North-Western State Medical UniversityRussian Federation202125122021114516Copyright © Жолинский А.В., Кадыкова А.И., Фещенко В.С., Оганнисян М.Г., Зоренко А.В., Деев Р.В., 20222022Жолинский А.В., Кадыкова А.И., Фещенко В.С., Оганнисян М.Г., Зоренко А.В., Деев Р.В.Zholinsky A.V., Kadykova A.I., Feshchenko V.S., Hovhannisyan M.G., Zorenko A.V., Deev R.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.smjournal.ru/jour/article/view/323

Молекулярно­генетические методы являются неотъемлемой частью современной медицины. Полимеразная цепная реакция, секвенирование по Сэнгеру, секвенирование нового поколения нашли широкое применение во многих направлениях: диагностика инфекционных, наследованных, онкологических заболеваний, пренатальный скрининг, изучение полиморфизмов, повышающих риски развития мультифакториальных заболеваний или способствующих развитию физических качеств, необходимых для достижения успеха в спортивно­соревновательной деятельности. Возрастающий спрос на генотипирование поднимает ряд этико­социальных вопросов, затрагивающих степень полезности генотипирования здорового человека и научной достоверности полученных данных с помощью тестов, доступных напрямую потребителю.

В настоящем обзоре приведены и систематизированы используемые сегодня лабораторно­диагностические методы исследования нуклеиновых кислот, несущих важную информацию о здоровье человека, в том числе в аспекте реализации физических качеств.

Molecular genetic methods are an integral part of recent medicine. Polymerase chain reaction, Sanger sequencing, next-generation sequencing are widely used in many areas: diagnostics of infectious, inherited, oncological diseases, prenatal screening, study of polymorphisms that increase the risk of developing multifactorial diseases or promoting development physical qualities necessary to achieve success in sports and competitive activity. The growing demand for genotyping raises a number of ethical and social issues affecting the degree of usefulness of genotyping a healthy person and the scientific reliability of the data obtained using direct-to-consumer genetic testing.

The review presents and systematizes the laboratory diagnostic methods used today to study nucleic acids that carry important information about human health and physical qualities.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.