smjournalСпортивная медицина: наука и практикаSports medicine: research and practice2223-25242587-9014NEICON10.47529/2223-2524.2021.4.1smjournal-324Research ArticleФИЗИОЛОГИЯ И БИОХИМИЯ СПОРТАSPORTS PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRYПреаналитические особенности определения циркулирующих микроРНК как новых специфических биомаркеров реакции организма на физическую нагрузкуPreanalytical features of the determination of circulating microRNAs as new specific biomarkers of the body’s response to physical activityhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3424-0582ПостниковП. В.PostnikovP. V.

Постников Павел Викторович, к.х.н., начальник отдела допингового контроля

105005, Россия, Москва, Елизаветинский пер., 10, стр. 1.

postnikov@dopingtest.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0423-7801ПронинаИ. В.ProninaI. V.

Пронина Ирина Валерьевна, к.б.н., главный специалист отдела допингового контроля; старший научный сотрудник лаборатории патогеномики и транскриптомики

105005, Россия, Москва, Елизаветинский пер., 10, стр. 1

125315, Россия, Москва, ул. Балтийская, 8

Irina V. Pronina, Ph.D. (biology), the main specialist of Doping control Departament; senior scientist of patogenomic and transcriptomic Laboratory

10, bulding 1, Elizavetinsky per. Moscow, 105005, Russia

8, Baltiyskaya str., Moscow, 125315, Russia

 

pronina@dopingtest.ruНациональная антидопинговая лаборатория (институт) Московского государственного университета им. М.В. Ломоносова (НАДЛ МГУ)РоссияNational anti-doping laboratory (Institute) of Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov (NADL MSU)Russian FederationНациональная антидопинговая лаборатория (институт) Московского государственного университета им. М.В. Ломоносова (НАДЛ МГУ); ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт общей патологии и патофизиологии»РоссияNational anti-doping laboratory (Institute) of Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov (NADL MSU); Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology”Russian Federation20212512202111490103Copyright © Постников П.В., Пронина И.В., 20222022Постников П.В., Пронина И.В.Postnikov P.V., Pronina I.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.smjournal.ru/jour/article/view/324

МикроРНК — малые некодирующие одноцепочечные РНК, длиной от 18 до 25 нуклеотидов, которые регулируют экспрессию генов на посттранскрипционном уровне посредством специфического связывания с мРНК-мишенью, приводящего к ее деградации. В последние десятилетия разработка технологий определения профилей экспрессии микроРНК стала важной частью исследовательских проектов, а роль микроРНК в качестве потенциальных высокоинформативных молекулярных биомаркеров различных физиологических и патологических процессов в организме активно изучается научным сообществом. В частности, физическая активность является важным модифицирующим фактором для циркулирующих микроРНК. В отличие от классических биохимических показателей крови, которые могут изменяться с течением времени в зависимости от температуры и условий хранения образца, микроРНК остаются стабильными при хранении и даже при многократных циклах замораживания-оттаивания, что делает их привлекательной и легкодоступной мишенью для обнаружения. Тем не менее определение профиля экспрессии микроРНК в клинической практике все еще является затруднительным из-за высокой неоднородности аналитических процедур, используемых для испытаний. В спортивной медицине особо важным является преаналитический этап, так как часто условия отбора биопроб не стандартизированы и могут влиять на результат анализа. В данном обзоре показана роль микроРНК в качестве новых чувствительных биомаркеров эффективности тренировочного процесса и регуляторов реакции организма в ответ на физическую активность, а также рассмотрены некоторые преаналитические аспекты анализа профилей экспрессии микроРНК.

MicroRNAs are small non-coding single-stranded RNAs, 18 to 25 nucleotides long, they regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level through specific binding to the target mRNA, leading to its degradation. In recent decades, the development of technologies for determining the expression profiles of miRNAs has become an important part of research projects, and the role of miRNAs as potential highly informative molecular biomarkers of various physiological and pathological processes in the body is actively explored by the scientific community. In particular, physical activity is an important modifying factor for circulating miRNAs. Unlike classical blood biochemical parameters, which can change over time depending on the temperature and storage conditions of the sample, microRNAs remain stable during storage and even after multiple freeze-thaw cycles, which makes them an attractive and easily accessible target for detection. However, the determination of the microRNA expression profile in clinical practice is still difficult due to the high heterogeneity of analytical procedures used for testing. In sports medicine, the preanalytical stage is especially important, since often the conditions for sampling are not standardized and can affect the analysis result. This review shows the role of miRNAs as new sensitive biomarkers of the effectiveness of the training process and regulators of the body’s response to physical activity, and also discusses some preanalytical aspects of the analysis of miRNA expression profiles.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.