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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">smjournal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Спортивная медицина: наука и практика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Sports medicine: research and practice</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2223-2524</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9014</issn><publisher><publisher-name>NEICON</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47529/2223-2524.2022.2.6</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">smjournal-409</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИЗИОЛОГИЯ И БИОХИМИЯ СПОРТА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SPORTS PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Вакцинация как инструмент оптимизации состояния иммунной системы в спорте высших достижений: обзор литературы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vaccination as an immune system status optimization tool for the high-performance sports: review</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4210-9226</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коновалов</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Konovalov</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Коновалов Иван Вячеславович, кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры инфекционных болезней у детей</p><p>117513, Москва, ул. Островитянова, д. 1, стр. 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivan V. Konovalov, M.D., Ph.D. (Medicine), Associate Professor of the Department of Infectious Diseases in Children</p><p>1 Ostrovityanova str., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">korael@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0267-9761</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жолинский</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zholinsky</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Жолинский Андрей Владимирович, кандидат медицинских наук, директор</p><p>121059, Москва, Большая Дорогомиловская ул., 5</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey V. Zholinsky, M.D., Ph.D. (Medicine), Director</p><p>5 Bolshaya Dorogomilovskaya str., Moscow, 121059</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2233-7301</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алпатов</surname><given-names>С. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alpatov</surname><given-names>S. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алпатов Сергей Петрович, кандидат медицинских наук, старший преподаватель кафедры фармакологии</p><p>117513, Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1, стр. 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey P. Alpatov, M.D., Ph.D. (Medicine), Senior Lecturer of the Pharmacology Department</p><p>1 Ostrovityanova str., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">immunosport@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2062-0592</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зоренко</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zorenko</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зоренко Алла Владимировна, врач по спортивной медицине</p><p>121059, Москва, ул. Б. Дорогомиловская, 5</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alla V. Zorenko, sports medicine physician of the Department of medical support of sports teams and competitions</p><p>5 Bolshaya Dorogomilovskaya str., Moscow, 121059</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8230-4360</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тохтиева</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tochtieva</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тохтиева Наталья Вячеславовна, кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры реабилитации, спортивной медицины и физической культуры</p><p>117513, Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1, стр. 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia V. Tochtieva, M.D., Ph.D. (Medicine), Associate Professor of the Department of Rehabilitation, Sports Medicine and Physical Culture</p><p>1 Ostrovityanova str., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5429-9528</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Романов</surname><given-names>Б. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Romanov</surname><given-names>B. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Романов Борис Константинович, доктор медицинских наук, доцент, заведующий кафедрой фармакологии</p><p>117513, Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1, стр. 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Boris K. Romanov, M.D., D.Sc. (Medicine), Head of the Department of Pharmacology</p><p>1 Ostrovityanova str., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2281-9936</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Парастаев</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Parastaev</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Парастаев Сергей Андреевич, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, профессор кафедры реабилитации, спортивной медицины и физической культуры ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; заместитель директора по научной работе ФГБУ «Федеральный научно-клинический центр спортивной медицины и реабилитации Федерального медико-биологического агентства»</p><p>117513, Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1, стр. 6; </p><p>121059, Москва, ул. Б. Дорогомиловская, 5</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey A. Parastaev, M.D., D.Sc. (Medicine), Prof., Professor of the Department of Rehabilitation, Sports Medicine and Physical Culture of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University; Deputy Director for Research for Research of the Federal Research and Clinical Center of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation of Federal Medical Biological Agency</p><p>1 Ostrovityanova str., Moscow, 117997; </p><p>5 Bolshaya Dorogomilovskaya str., Moscow, 121059</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Федеральный научно-клинический центр спортивной медицины и реабилитации Федерального медико-биологического агентства»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Research and Clinical Center of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation of Federal Medical Biological Agency</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; &#13;
ФГБУ «Федеральный научно-клинический центр спортивной медицины и реабилитации Федерального медико-биологического агентства»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University; &#13;
Federal Research and Clinical Center of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation of Federal Medical Biological Agency</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>10</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>73</fpage><lpage>81</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Коновалов И.В., Жолинский А.В., Алпатов С.П., Зоренко А.В., Тохтиева Н.В., Романов Б.К., Парастаев С.А., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Коновалов И.В., Жолинский А.В., Алпатов С.П., Зоренко А.В., Тохтиева Н.В., Романов Б.К., Парастаев С.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Konovalov I.V., Zholinsky A.V., Alpatov S.P., Zorenko A.V., Tochtieva N.V., Romanov B.K., Parastaev S.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.smjournal.ru/jour/article/view/409">https://www.smjournal.ru/jour/article/view/409</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования: рассмотреть значимость вакцинации в структуре профилактических мероприятий по поддержке иммунной системы спортсменов в условиях экстремальных физических нагрузок и повышенных эпидемических рисков.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы: анализ отечественной и зарубежной литературы, посвященной вопросам иммунокоррекции и вакцинопрофилактики.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты: в представленном обзоре дана интегральная оценка транзиторной иммуносупрессии, развивающейся в процессе напряженной тренировочной и соревновательной деятельности, — вторичного спортивного иммунодефицита. Данный феномен описан как синдром «открытого окна» и характеризуется повышенным риском инфицирования вирусными и/или бактериальными агентами с преимущественным поражением верхних дыхательных путей и желудочно-кишечного тракта. Массовая иммунопрофилактика позволяет эффективно и в целом безопасно контролировать инфекционную заболеваемость в группах риска, к которым относятся и спортсмены.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение: вакцины, представленные в национальном календаре профилактических прививок и в календаре прививок по эпидемическим показаниям, оказывают комплексное воздействие на иммунную систему спортсмена, функционирующего в широком диапазоне физических и психологических нагрузок. Вакцинопрофилактика повышает способность противостоять инфекциям как селективно, так и за счет активации общей неспецифической резистентности, что позволяет в значительной мере нивелировать риск развития синдрома «открытого окна».</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: consideration of the importance of vaccination as a preventive measure of support the athlets immunne system in conditions of extreme physical exertion and increased epidemic risks.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods: analysis of local and foreign dates of immunocorrection and vaccination problems.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: the presented review provides an integral assessment of the transitory immunosuppression, developing by the intensive training and competitive activities — exercise-induced immunosuppression. These dates described as an “open window” syndrome and characterized by an increased risk of viral and/or bacterial infection with predominant damage of the upper respiratory tract and gastrointestinal tract. Widespread immunoprophylaxis provides an effective and relatively safe method of infectious control at risk groups including athletes.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion: Vaccines of National Immunization Schedule and Epidemiological Immunization Schedule provide complex impact to the athletes immune status in wide variety of physical and psychological stresses. Vaccination increases the ability of specific and nonspecific resistance to infections that provide significant prevention of the “open window” syndrome.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>вакцинация</kwd><kwd>календарь прививок</kwd><kwd>иммуносупрессия</kwd><kwd>иммуностимуляция</kwd><kwd>спорт высших достижений</kwd><kwd>синдром «открытого окна»</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>vaccination</kwd><kwd>immunization schedule</kwd><kwd>immunosupression</kwd><kwd>immunostimulation</kwd><kwd>high performance sport</kwd><kwd>open window syndrome</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schwellnus M., Soligard T., Alonso J.M., Bahr R., Clarsen B., Dijkstra H.P., et al. How much is too much? (Part 2). International Olympic Committee consensus statement on load in sport and risk of illness. 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