<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">smjournal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Спортивная медицина: наука и практика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Sports medicine: research and practice</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2223-2524</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9014</issn><publisher><publisher-name>NEICON</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47529/2223-2524.2022.2.10</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">smjournal-422</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>БИОМЕДИЦИНСКИЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>BIOMEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Сравнение профилей экспрессии микроРНК атлетов, выступающих в видах спорта, ориентированных на выносливость, и добровольцев, не занимающихся спортом, с использованием панели сигнального пути гипоксии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Comparison of microRNA expression profiles of athletes involved in endurance sports and non-athletic volunteers using a hypoxia signaling pathway panel</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0423-7801</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пронина</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pronina</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пронина Ирина Валерьевна, кандидат биологических наук, главный специалист отдела допингового контроля Национальной антидопинговой лаборатории (Института) Московского государственного университета им. М.В. Ломоносова; старший научный сотрудник лаборатории патогеномики и транскриптомики ФГБУ «Научно-исследовательский институт общей патологии и патофизиологии»</p><p>Web of Science Research ID G-3951-2014Scopus Author ID 8161867200</p><p>105005, Москва, Елизаветинский пер., 10/1,125315, Москва, ул. Балтийская, 8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina V. Pronina, Ph.D. (Biology), the main specialist of Doping Control Departament of the National Anti-Doping Laboratory (Institute) of Lo­monosov Moscow State University; senior scientist of patogenomic and transcriptomic Laboratory of the Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology</p><p>Web of Science Researcher ID G-3951-2014Scopus Author ID 8161867200</p><p>10/1 Elizavetinsky lane, Moscow, 105005,8 Baltiyskaya str., Moscow, 125315</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pronina@dopingtest.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3424-0582</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Постников</surname><given-names>П. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Postnikov</surname><given-names>P. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Постников Павел Викторович, кандидат химических наук , начальник отдела допингового контроля</p><p>РИНЦ ID 7251-9937</p><p>105005, Москва, Елизаветинский пер., 10/1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pavel V. Postnikov, Ph.D. (Chemistry), the Head of Doping Control Departament</p><p>e-Library author ID 7251-9937</p><p>10/1 Elizavetinsky lane, Moscow, 105005</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">postnikov@dopingtest.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5131-7401</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Павлов</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pavlov</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Павлов Владимир Иванович, доктор медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, заведующий отделением функциональной диагностики</p><p>Web of Science Re­search ID B-7057-2019Scopus Author ID 57193905264РИНЦ ID 9246-5804</p><p>105120, Москва, ул. Земляной Вал, 53</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir I. Pavlov, M.D., D.Sc. (Medicine), Head of the Department of Functional Diagnostics</p><p>Web of Science Research ID B-7057-2019Scopus Author ID 57193905264e-Library author ID 9246-5804</p><p>53 Zemlyanoy Val str., Moscow, 105120</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mnpcsm@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4623-0883</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Орджоникидзе</surname><given-names>З. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ordzhonikidze</surname><given-names>Z. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Орджоникидзе Зураб Гивиевич, доктор медицинских наук, заслуженный врач РФ, главный внештатный специалист по спортивной медицине, первый заместитель директора</p><p>105120, Москва, ул. Земляной Вал, 53</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zurab G. Ordzhonikidze, D.Sc. (Medicine), Honored Doctor of the Russian Federation, Chief freelance specialist in sports medicine, First Deputy Director</p><p>Moscow Healthcare Departa­ment</p><p>53 Zemlyanoy Val str., Moscow, 105120</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mnpcsm@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальная антидопинговая лаборатория (Институт) Московского государственного университета им. М.В. Ломоносова; &#13;
ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт общей патологии и патофизиологии»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Anti-Doping Laboratory (Institute) of Lomonosov Moscow State University; Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальная антидопинговая лаборатория (Институт) Московского государственного университета им. М.В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Anti-Doping Laboratory (Institute) of Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГАУЗ «Московский научно-практический центр медицинской реабилитации, восстановительной и спортивной медицины Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow Centre for Research and Practice in Medical Rehabilitation, Restorative and Sports Medicine of Moscow Healthcare Departament</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>11</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>13</fpage><lpage>21</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Пронина И.В., Постников П.В., Павлов В.И., Орджоникидзе З.Г., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Пронина И.В., Постников П.В., Павлов В.И., Орджоникидзе З.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pronina I.V., Postnikov P.V., Pavlov V.I., Ordzhonikidze Z.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.smjournal.ru/jour/article/view/422">https://www.smjournal.ru/jour/article/view/422</self-uri><abstract><p>В последние годы интерес к поиску новых потенциальных молекулярных биомаркеров для оценки эффективности тренировочного процесса в спорте высших достижений, различных патологий, вызванных перегрузками, и злоупотребления запрещенными препаратами достиг небывалого уровня. МикроРНК, регулирующие на посттранскрипционном уровне процессы метаболизма, дифференциации, пролиферации и апоптоза клеток, являются наиболее ценными кандидатами для использования в этом отношении. Они обнаружены во всех биологических жидкостях организма человека, стабильны при долгосрочном хранении и устойчивы к изменениям условий среды. Известно, что изменение профиля экспрессии микроРНК имеет тесную связь с физическим нагрузками, а также с введением рекомбинантных гормонов, эритропоэзстимулирующих агентов и других запрещенных Всемирным антидопинговым агентством (ВАДА) препаратов и методов, улучшающих спортивные результаты.</p><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования: в данной работе проанализированы образцы плазмы крови спортсменов, задействованных в видах спорта, ориентированных на выносливость (спортивная ходьба), и добровольцев, не занимающихся спортом, с использованием панели сигнального пути гипоксии с целью выявления маркеров кандидатов гипоксии.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы: оценка профилей экспрессии циркулирующих микроРНК плазмы крови проводилась методом обратной транскрипции с последующей количественной ПЦР с детекцией в реальном времени. Полученные данные подверглись статистической обработке при помощи программы CFX Manager Software v3.1.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты: определены три потенциальных микроРНК-маркера: hsa-miR 210–3p, hsa-miR 320a и hsa-miR 935 (повышены у спортсменов в 61,6, 51,8 и 41,0 раза соответственно) — физиологического ответа на тренировочную нагрузку, которые могут быть связаны с возникновением гипоксии при тренировках на выносливость.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение: нами получены предварительные данные о различиях в профилях экспрессии циркулирующих микроРНК у здоровых добровольцев, не занимающихся спортом, и спортсменов во внесоревновательный период. В дальнейшем планируется расширить выборку исследованных образцов плазмы крови и провести сравнение профилей экспрессии циркулирующих микроРНК в соревновательный и внесоревновательный периоды у спортсменов, сравнить профили экспрессии циркулирующих микроРНК при аэробных и анаэробных нагрузках. Кроме того, представляет интерес анализ изменений экспрессии циркулирующих микроРНК при использовании миметиков гипоксии, употребляемых с целью улучшения спортивных результатов.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In recent years, interest in the search for new potential molecular biomarkers to assess the effectiveness of the training process in elite sports, various pathologies caused by overload, and abuse of prohibited substances has reached an unprecedented level. MicroRNAs that regulate the processes of metabolism, differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis of cells at the post-transcriptional level are the most valuable candidates for use in this regard. They are found in all biological fluids of the human body, are stable during long-term storage and resistant to changes in environmental conditions. It is known that changes in the miRNA expression profile are closely associated with physical activity, as well as with the administration of recombinant hormones, erythropoiesis-stimulating agents, and other substances and methods that improve sports performance, which are prohibited by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA).</p><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: In this study, plasma samples from athletes involved in endurance sports (race walking) and non-athletic volunteers were analyzed using a hypoxia signaling pathway panel to identify hypoxia candidate markers.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods: Expression profiles of plasma circulating miRNAs were assessed by reverse transcription followed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT Q-PCR). The obtained data were subjected to statistical processing using the CFX Manager Software v3.1 program.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: Three potential microRNA markers were identified: hsa-miR-210-3p, hsa-miR-320a and hsa-miR-935 (increased in athletes by 61.6 times, 51.8 and 41.0 times, respectively) — of physiological response to the training, load, which may be associated with the emergence of hypoxia during endurance training.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion: We have obtained preliminary data on differences in the expression profiles of circulating miRNAs in healthy non-athletic volunteers and professional athletes in the out-of-competition period. In the future, it is planned to expand the sample of studied blood plasma samples and compare the expression profiles of circulating microRNAs in athletes in competition and out-of-competition periods, as well as to compare the expression profiles of circulating microRNAs during aerobic and anaerobic loads. In addition, it is of interest to analyze changes in the expression levels of circulating miRNAs when using hypoxia mimetics applied to improve sports performance.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>циркулирующие микроРНК</kwd><kwd>биомаркеры</kwd><kwd>физическая нагрузка</kwd><kwd>эффективность тренировочного процесса</kwd><kwd>выносливость</kwd><kwd>гипоксия</kwd><kwd>допинг-контроль</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>circulating miRNAs</kwd><kwd>biomarkers</kwd><kwd>physical activity</kwd><kwd>efficiency of the training process</kwd><kwd>endurance</kwd><kwd>hypoxia</kwd><kwd>doping control</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Saliminejad K., Khorram Khorshid H.R., Soleymani Fard S., Ghaffari S.H. An overview of microRNAs: Biology, functions, therapeutics, and analysis methods. J. Cell. Physiol. 2019;234(5):5451–5465. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcp.27486</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Saliminejad K., Khorram Khorshid H.R., Soleymani Fard S., Ghaffari S.H. An overview of microRNAs: Biology, functions, therapeutics, and analysis methods. J. Cell. Physiol. 2019;234(5):5451–5465. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcp.27486</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Watier T., Sanchez A.M. Micro-RNAs, Exercise and Cellular Plasticity in Humans: The Impact of Dietary Factors and Hypoxia. MicroRNA 2017;6(2):110–124. https://doi.org/10.2174/2211536606666170519133144</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Watier T., Sanchez A.M. Micro-RNAs, Exercise and Cellular Plasticity in Humans: The Impact of Dietary Factors and Hypoxia. MicroRNA 2017;6(2):110–124. https://doi.org/10.2174/2211536606666170519133144</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mounier R., Pialoux V., Schmitt L., Richalet J.-P., Robach P., Coudert J., Clottes E., Fellmann N. Effects of acute hypoxia tests on blood markers in high-level endurance athletes. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 2009;106(5):713–720. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-009-1072-z</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mounier R., Pialoux V., Schmitt L., Richalet J.-P., Robach P., Coudert J., Clottes E., Fellmann N. Effects of acute hypoxia tests on blood markers in high-level endurance athletes. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 2009;106(5):713–720. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-009-1072-z</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">WADA. Athlete biological passport operating guidelines [internet]. 2021. Available at: https://www.wada-ama.org/sites/default/files/resources/files/guidelines_abp_v8_final.pdf (accessed 25 January 2022).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">WADA. Athlete biological passport operating guidelines [internet]. 2021. Available at: https://www.wada-ama.org/sites/default/files/resources/files/guidelines_abp_v8_final.pdf (accessed 25 January 2022).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cakmak H.A., Demir M. MicroRNA and Cardiovascular Diseases. Balkan Med. J. 2020;37(2):60–71. https://doi.org/10.4274/balkanmedj.galenos.2020.2020.1.94</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cakmak H.A., Demir M. MicroRNA and Cardiovascular Diseases. Balkan Med. J. 2020;37(2):60–71. https://doi.org/10.4274/balkanmedj.galenos.2020.2020.1.94</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kumar S., Vijayan M., Bhatti J.S., Reddy P.H. MicroRNAs as Peripheral Biomarkers in Aging and Age-Related Diseases. Prog. Mol. Biol. Transl. Sci. 2017;146:47–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.pmbts.2016.12.013</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kumar S., Vijayan M., Bhatti J.S., Reddy P.H. MicroRNAs as Peripheral Biomarkers in Aging and Age-Related Diseases. Prog. Mol. Biol. Transl. Sci. 2017;146:47–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.pmbts.2016.12.013</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Szelenberger R., Kacprzak M., Saluk-Bijak J., Zielinska M., Bijak M. Plasma MicroRNA as a novel diagnostic. Clin. Chim. Acta. 2019;499:98–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cca.2019.09.005</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Szelenberger R., Kacprzak M., Saluk-Bijak J., Zielinska M., Bijak M. Plasma MicroRNA as a novel diagnostic. Clin. Chim. Acta. 2019;499:98–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cca.2019.09.005</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Backes C., Meese E., Keller A. Specific miRNA Disease Biomarkers in Blood, Serum and Plasma: Challenges and Prospects. Mol. Diagn. Ther. 2016;20(6):509–518. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40291-016-0221-4</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Backes C., Meese E., Keller A. Specific miRNA Disease Biomarkers in Blood, Serum and Plasma: Challenges and Prospects. Mol. Diagn. Ther. 2016;20(6):509–518. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40291-016-0221-4</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Leuenberger N., Robinson N., Saugy M. Circulating miRNAs: a new generation of anti-doping biomarkers. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2013;405(30):9617–9623. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-013-7340-0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leuenberger N., Robinson N., Saugy M. Circulating miRNAs: a new generation of anti-doping biomarkers. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2013;405(30):9617–9623. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-013-7340-0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Leuenberger N., Saugy M. Circulating microRNAs: The Future of Biomarkers in Anti-doping Field. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 2015;888:401–408. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22671-2_20</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leuenberger N., Saugy M. Circulating microRNAs: The Future of Biomarkers in Anti-doping Field. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 2015;888:401–408. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22671-2_20</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sessa F., Salerno M., Di Mizio G., Bertozzi G., Messina G., Tomaiuolo B., et al. Anabolic Androgenic Steroids: Searching New Molecular Biomarkers. Front. Pharmacol. 2018;9:1321. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2018.01321</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sessa F., Salerno M., Di Mizio G., Bertozzi G., Messina G., Tomaiuolo B., et al. Anabolic Androgenic Steroids: Searching New Molecular Biomarkers. Front. Pharmacol. 2018;9:1321. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2018.01321</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Salamin O., De Angelis S., Tissot J.D., Saugy M., Leuenberger N. Autologous Blood Transfusion in Sports: Emerging Biomarkers. Transfus. Med. Rev. 2016;30(3):109-115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmrv.2016.05.007</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Salamin O., De Angelis S., Tissot J.D., Saugy M., Leuenberger N. Autologous Blood Transfusion in Sports: Emerging Biomarkers. Transfus. Med. Rev. 2016;30(3):109-115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmrv.2016.05.007</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ponzetto F., Giraud S., Leuenberger N., Boccard J., Nicoli R., Baume N,. et al. Methods for Doping Detection. Front. Horm. Res. 2016;47:153-167. https://doi.org/10.1159/000445177</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ponzetto F., Giraud S., Leuenberger N., Boccard J., Nicoli R., Baume N,. et al. Methods for Doping Detection. Front. Horm. Res. 2016;47:153-167. https://doi.org/10.1159/000445177</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">WADA. International Standard for Laboratories [internet]. 2021. Available at: https://www.wada-ama.org/sites/default/files/resources/files/isl_2021.pdf (accessed 24 January 2022).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">WADA. International Standard for Laboratories [internet]. 2021. Available at: https://www.wada-ama.org/sites/default/files/resources/files/isl_2021.pdf (accessed 24 January 2022).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">WADA. World Anti-Doping Code [internet]. 2021. Available at: https://www.wada-ama.org/sites/default/files/resources/files/2021_wada_code.pdf (accessed 24 January 2022).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">WADA. World Anti-Doping Code [internet]. 2021. Available at: https://www.wada-ama.org/sites/default/files/resources/files/2021_wada_code.pdf (accessed 24 January 2022).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guan Y., Song X., Sun W., Wang Y., Liu B. Effect of Hypoxia-Induced MicroRNA-210 Expression on Cardiovascular Disease and the Underlying Mechanism. Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev. 2019;2019:4727283. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/4727283</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guan Y., Song X., Sun W., Wang Y., Liu B. Effect of Hypoxia-Induced MicroRNA-210 Expression on Cardiovascular Disease and the Underlying Mechanism. Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev. 2019;2019:4727283. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/4727283</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Huang L., Ma Q., Li Y., Li B., Zhang L. Inhibition of microRNA-210 suppresses pro-inflammatory response and reduces acute brain injury of ischemic stroke in mice. Exp. Neurol. 2018;300:41–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.10.024</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Huang L., Ma Q., Li Y., Li B., Zhang L. Inhibition of microRNA-210 suppresses pro-inflammatory response and reduces acute brain injury of ischemic stroke in mice. Exp. Neurol. 2018;300:41–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.10.024</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fasanaro P., D’Alessandra Y., Di Stefano V., Melchionna R., Romani S., Pompilio G., et al. MicroRNA-210 modulates endothelial cell response to hypoxia and inhibits the receptor tyrosine kinase ligand Ephrin-A3. J. Biol. Chem. 2008;283(23):15878–15883. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M800731200</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fasanaro P., D’Alessandra Y., Di Stefano V., Melchionna R., Romani S., Pompilio G., et al. MicroRNA-210 modulates endothelial cell response to hypoxia and inhibits the receptor tyrosine kinase ligand Ephrin-A3. J. Biol. Chem. 2008;283(23):15878–15883. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M800731200</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hu S., Huang M., Li Z., Jia F., Ghosh Z., Lijkwan M.A., Fasanaro P. MicroRNA-210 as a novel therapy for treatment of ischemic heart disease. Circulation 2010;122(11 Suppl):S124–S131. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.928424</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hu S., Huang M., Li Z., Jia F., Ghosh Z., Lijkwan M.A., Fasanaro P. MicroRNA-210 as a novel therapy for treatment of ischemic heart disease. Circulation 2010;122(11 Suppl):S124–S131. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.928424</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nakamura Y., Patrushev N., Inomata H., Mehta D., Urao N., Kim H.W., et al. Role of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B in vascular endothelial growth factor signaling and cell–cell adhesions in endothelial cells. Circulation Res. 2008;102(10):1182–1191. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.107.167080</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nakamura Y., Patrushev N., Inomata H., Mehta D., Urao N., Kim H.W., et al. Role of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B in vascular endothelial growth factor signaling and cell–cell adhesions in endothelial cells. Circulation Res. 2008;102(10):1182–1191. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.107.167080</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bao Q., Jia H., Rong A., Cao Z., Zhang Y. MiR-210 inhibits hypoxia-induced apoptosis of smooth muscle cells via targeting MEF2C. Int. J. Clin. Exp. Pathol. 2019;12(5):1846–1858</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bao Q., Jia H., Rong A., Cao Z., Zhang Y. MiR-210 inhibits hypoxia-induced apoptosis of smooth muscle cells via targeting MEF2C. Int. J. Clin. Exp. Pathol. 2019;12(5):1846–1858</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen Z., Yang Z., Li X., Wang H., Wang Y., Ding C., et al. microRNA-320a prevent Muller cells from hypoxia injury by targeting aquaporin-4. J. Cell. Biochem. 2020;121(12):4711–4723. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcb.29524</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen Z., Yang Z., Li X., Wang H., Wang Y., Ding C., et al. microRNA-320a prevent Muller cells from hypoxia injury by targeting aquaporin-4. J. Cell. Biochem. 2020;121(12):4711–4723. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcb.29524</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yang X., Chen H., Chen Y., Birnbaum Y., Liang R., Ye Y., Qian J. Circulating miRNA Expression Profiling and Target Prediction in Patients Receiving Dexmedetomidine. Cell. Physiol. Bio-chem. 2018;50(2):552–568. https://doi.org/10.1159/000494168</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yang X., Chen H., Chen Y., Birnbaum Y., Liang R., Ye Y., Qian J. Circulating miRNA Expression Profiling and Target Prediction in Patients Receiving Dexmedetomidine. Cell. Physiol. Bio-chem. 2018;50(2):552–568. https://doi.org/10.1159/000494168</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang Y, Pang QJ, Liu JT, Wu HH, Tao DY. Down-regulated miR-448 relieves spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury by up-regulating SIRT1. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2018 Mar 15;51(5):e7319. doi: 10.1590/1414-431X20177319.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang Y, Pang QJ, Liu JT, Wu HH, Tao DY. Down-regulated miR-448 relieves spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury by up-regulating SIRT1. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2018 Mar 15;51(5):e7319. doi: 10.1590/1414-431X20177319.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhao W., Yin Y., Cao H., Wang Y. Exercise Improves Endothelial Function via the lncRNA MALAT1/miR-320a Axis in Obese Children and Adolescents. Cardiol. Res. Pract. 2021;2021:8840698. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8840698</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhao W., Yin Y., Cao H., Wang Y. Exercise Improves Endothelial Function via the lncRNA MALAT1/miR-320a Axis in Obese Children and Adolescents. Cardiol. Res. Pract. 2021;2021:8840698. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8840698</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tang H., Lee M., Sharpe O., Salamone L., Noonan E.J., Hoang C.D., et al. Oxidative stress-responsive microRNA-320 regulates glycolysis in diverse biological systems. FASEB J. 2012;26(11):4710–4721. https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.11-197467</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tang H., Lee M., Sharpe O., Salamone L., Noonan E.J., Hoang C.D., et al. Oxidative stress-responsive microRNA-320 regulates glycolysis in diverse biological systems. FASEB J. 2012;26(11):4710–4721. https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.11-197467</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Huang G., Chen J., Liu J., Zhang X., Duan H., Fang Q. MiR-935/HIF1α Feedback Loop Inhibits the Proliferation and Invasiveness of Glioma. Onco. Targets Ther. 2020;13:10817–10828. https://doi.org/10.2147/OTT.S244409</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Huang G., Chen J., Liu J., Zhang X., Duan H., Fang Q. MiR-935/HIF1α Feedback Loop Inhibits the Proliferation and Invasiveness of Glioma. Onco. Targets Ther. 2020;13:10817–10828. https://doi.org/10.2147/OTT.S244409</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rothman A., Restrepo H., Sarukhanov V., Evans W.N., Wiencek Jr R.G., Williams R., et al. Assessment of microRNA and gene dysregulation in pulmonary hypertension by endoarterial biopsy. Pulm. Circ. 2017;7(2):455–464. https://doi.org/10.1177/2045893217704206</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rothman A., Restrepo H., Sarukhanov V., Evans W.N., Wiencek Jr R.G., Williams R., et al. Assessment of microRNA and gene dysregulation in pulmonary hypertension by endoarterial biopsy. Pulm. Circ. 2017;7(2):455–464. https://doi.org/10.1177/2045893217704206</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">WADA.2019 Anti-Doping Testing Figures [internet]. Available at: https://www.wada-ama.org/sites/default/files/resources/files/2019_anti-doping_testing_figures_en.pdf (accessed 24 January 2022).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">WADA.2019 Anti-Doping Testing Figures [internet]. Available at: https://www.wada-ama.org/sites/default/files/resources/files/2019_anti-doping_testing_figures_en.pdf (accessed 24 January 2022).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
