smjournalСпортивная медицина: наука и практикаSports medicine: research and practice2223-25242587-9014NEICON10.47529/2223-2524.2023.3.5smjournal-486Research ArticleФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНАЯ ДИАГНОСТИКАFUNCTIONAL TESTINGВлияние произвольной гиповентиляции в дыхательных упражнениях йоги на газообмен и ЭЭГ-активность у здоровых тренированных испытуемыхThe effect of voluntary hypoventilation in yoga breathing exercises on gas exchange and EEG activity in healthy trained subjectshttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8774-6996ФроловА. В.FrolovA. V.

Фролов Артем Владимирович, ректор, врач ЛФК и врач функциональной диагностики

191186, Санкт-Петербург, Невский проспект, дом № 30, литер А, помещение 35-Н, офис 2.8В

Artem B. Frolov, Rector, exercise therapy doctor and functional diagnostics doctor

191186, St. Petersburg, Nevsky Prospekt, building No. 30, letter A, room 35-N, office 2.8B

polyclinic@list.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0492-0117БойцоваЮ. А.BoytsovaJ. A.

Бойцова Юлия Александровна, научный сотрудник

197022,  Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Павлова, 9

Julia A. Boytsova, researcher

197022, St. Petersburg, st. Academician Pavlova, 9

Boytsova.ihb@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4754-9255ЕрмолаеваС. А.ErmolaevaS. A.

Ермолаева Саргылана Александровна, проректор по научной работе

191186, Санкт-Петербург, Невский проспект, дом № 30, литер А, помещение 35-Н, офис 2.8В

Sargylana A. Ermolaeva, vice-rector for Research

191186, St. Petersburg, Nevsky Prospekt, building No. 30, letter A, room 35-N, office 2.8B

supersagi@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4086-5992ДидурМ. Д.DidurM. D.

Дидур Михаил Дмитриевич, д.м.н., профессор, директор

197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Павлова, 9

Michael D. Didur, D.Sc. (Medicine), professor, chief

197022, St. Petersburg, st. Academician Pavlova, 9

Didour@mail.ruООО «Санкт-Петербургский институт восточных методов реабилитации»РоссияSt. Petersburg Institute of Oriental Rehabilitation MethodsRussian FederationФГБУН «Институт мозга человека им. Н.П. Бехтеревой РАН»РоссияBekhtereva Human Brain Institute of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation2023081220231336777Copyright © Фролов А.В., Бойцова Ю.А., Ермолаева С.А., Дидур М.Д., 20232023Фролов А.В., Бойцова Ю.А., Ермолаева С.А., Дидур М.Д.Frolov A.V., Boytsova J.A., Ermolaeva S.A., Didur M.D.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.smjournal.ru/jour/article/view/486Цель

Цель: оценка влияния произвольной гиповентиляции в дыхательных упражнениях йоги на газообмен и ЭЭГ-активность у здоровых тренированных испытуемых.

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы: 25 испытуемых (21 мужчина и 4 женщины, средний возраст 42,96 ± 9,19 года) выполняли гиповентиляционные упражнения йоги со снижением частоты дыхания до 1–1,5 раза/мин. Проводились регистрация частоты дыхания, дыхательного объема и минутного объема дыхания (МОД), газоанализ выдыхаемого воздуха (PetCO2, FeO2) и анализ мощности сигналов скрытых источников электроэнцефалограммы (ЭЭГ) при дыхании с частотой 1–1,5 раза/мин и относительно свободном дыхании с мысленным счетом.

Результаты

Результаты: дыхание с частотой 1–1,5 раза/мин обуславливает снижение МОД, развитие альвеолярной гипоксии и гиперкапнии, что приводит к увеличению мощности ряда локальных компонент в медленных δ-, θ- и α-диапазонах ЭЭГ. Помимо этого, подобный вид дыхания сопровождается снижением мощности ряда компонент, источники которых находятся в центрально-париетальных, моторных зонах коры в α- и β-диапазонах, а также сопровождается увеличением мощности компоненты с широко распределенной топографией в β- и γ-диапазонах.

Заключение

Заключение: при произвольной гиповентиляции в дыхательных упражнениях йоги развивается альвеолярная гипоксия и гиперкапния, сопровождающиеся увеличением мощности локальных компонент в медленных диапазонах ЭЭГ. Одновременно снижаются α- и β-мощности компонент, локализованных в моторных областях коры, что может быть следствием мышечного напряжения во время замедленного режима дыхания.

Objective

Objective: to assess the effect of voluntary hypoventilation during yoga breathing exercises on gas exchange and EEG activity in a group of healthy, trained practitioners.

Materials and methods

Materials and methods: 25 volunteers (21 men and 4 women, average age 42.96 ± 9.19 years) performed hypoventilation yoga exercises with a decrease in respiratory rate to 1–1.5 times/minute. Registration of respiratory rate, tidal volume and minute volume of breathing, gas analysis of exhaled air (PetCO2, FeO2) and spectral analysis of electroencephalogram (EEG) in gICA model were carried out during breathing with a frequency of 1–1.5 times/minute and during relatively free breathing with mental calculation.

Results

Results: Breathing with a frequency of 1–1.5 times/minute causes a decrease in minute volume of breathing, the development of alveolar hypoxia and hypercapnia, which leads to an increase in the power of some local components in the slow delta, theta and alpha EEG bands. In addition, breathing with a frequency of 1–1.5 times/minute is accompanied by a decrease in the alpha- and beta-power of some components, the sources of which are located in the motor areas of the cortex, but is also accompanied by an increase in the power of components with widespread scalp topography in beta and gamma bands.

Conclusion

Conclusion: Voluntary hypoventilation during yoga breathing exercises leads to the development of alveolar hypoxia and hypercapnia, accompanied by an increase in the power of local components in the slow EEG bands. At the same time, the alpha and beta powers of components localized in the motor areas of the cortex decrease, which may be a consequence of muscle tension during slow breathing.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.