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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">smjournal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Спортивная медицина: наука и практика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Sports medicine: research and practice</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2223-2524</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9014</issn><publisher><publisher-name>NEICON</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47529/2223-2524.2023.2.9</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">smjournal-571</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СПОРТИВНАЯ ТРАВМАТОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SPORTS TRAUMATOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Профилактика разрыва ахиллова сухожилия при занятиях физической культурой и спортом: факторы предрасположенности</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Achilles tendon rupture prevention in physical activity and sports: predisposition factors</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Николенко</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikolenko</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Николенко Владимир Николаевич, заслуженный деятель науки РФ, заслуженный работник высшей школы РФ, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой анатомии и гистологии человека; заведующий кафедрой нормальной и топографической анатомии факультета фундаментальной медицины</p><p>Россия, 119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2; Россия, 119234, Москва, Ленинские горы, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir N. Nikolenko, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, Honored Worker of Higher School of the Russian Federation, M.D., D. Sc. (Medicine), Professor, Head of the Human Anatomy and Histology Department; Head of the Normal and Topographic Anatomy Department, Basic Medicine Faculty</p><p>Russia, 119048, Moscow, Trubetskaya Str., 8, building 2; Russia, 119991, Moscow, Leninskie Gory, 1</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vn.nikolenko@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Санькова</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sankova</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санькова Мария Вячеславовна, стажер-исследователь кафедры анатомии и гистологии человека</p><p>Россия, 119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maria V. Sankova, research intern at the Human Anatomy and Histology Department</p><p>Russia, 119048, Moscow, Trubetskaya Str., 8, building 2</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">cankov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хегай</surname><given-names>А. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khegai</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хегай Андрей Дмитриевич, студент 2-го курса</p><p>Россия, Москва, 119234, Ленинские горы, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey D. Khegai, student</p><p>Russia, 119991, Moscow, Leninskie Gory, 1</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kheg2022@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Оганесян</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Oganesyan</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Оганесян Марине Валиковна, кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры анатомии и гистологии человека; доцент кафедры нормальной и топографической анатомии факультета фундаментальной медицины</p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2; 119234, Москва, Ленинские горы, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marine V. Oganesyan, Ph.D. (Medicine), Associate Professor of the Human Anatomy and Histology Department; Associate Professor of the Normal and Topographic Anatomy Department, Basic Medicine Faculty</p><p>Russia, 119048, Moscow, Trubetskaya Str., 8, building 2; Russia, 119991, Moscow, Leninskie Gory, 1</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">marine-oganesyan@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ризаева</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rizaeva</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ризаева Негория Алиагаевна, кандидат медицинских наук, доцент по кафедре анатомии и гистологии человека; доцент кафедры нормальной и топографической анатомии Факультета фундаментальной медицины</p><p>Россия, 119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2; Россия, 119234, Москва, Ленинские горы, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Negoria A. Rizaeva, Ph.D. (Medicine), Associate Professor of the Human Anatomy and Histology Department; Associate Professor of the Normal and Topographic Anatomy Department, Basic Medicine Faculty</p><p>Russia, 119048, Moscow, Trubetskaya Str., 8, building 2; Russia, 119991, Moscow, Leninskie Gory, 1</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rizaevan@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Саньков</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sankov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Саньков Алексей Вячеславович, студент 1-го курса</p><p>Россия, 119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksey V. Sankov, student</p><p>Russia, 119048, Moscow, Trubetskaya Str., 8, building 2</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">A.V.Sankov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гридин</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gridin</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гридин Леонид Александрович, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, генеральный директор</p><p>Россия, Москва, ул. Житная, 14, стр. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Leonid A. Gridin, M.D., D. Sc. (Medicine), Professor, General Director</p><p>Russia, Moscow, Zhitnaya str., 14/3</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">leonidgridin@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет); ФГБОУ «Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University); Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ «Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский центр проблем здоровья при Правительстве Москвы</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow Center for Health Problems under the Moscow Government</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>30</fpage><lpage>38</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Николенко В.Н., Санькова М.В., Хегай А.Д., Оганесян М.В., Ризаева Н.А., Саньков А.В., Гридин Л.А., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Николенко В.Н., Санькова М.В., Хегай А.Д., Оганесян М.В., Ризаева Н.А., Саньков А.В., Гридин Л.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nikolenko V.N., Sankova M.V., Khegai A.D., Oganesyan M.V., Rizaeva N.A., Sankov A.V., Gridin L.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.smjournal.ru/jour/article/view/571">https://www.smjournal.ru/jour/article/view/571</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования: сконцентрировать все клинически значимые факторы, определяющие предрасположенность ахиллова сухожилия к разрыву.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы: базой данного научно-аналитического обзора явился анализ данных электронных порталов PubMed-NCBI, Академия Google и «Научная электронная библиотека eLIBRARY.RU».</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты: представленный повествовательный обзор литературы свидетельствует о том, что повышение риска повреждения и разрыва ахиллова сухожилия может быть спровоцировано многочисленными факторами, среди которых большое значение имеют генетическая предрасположенность, индивидуальные анатомо-морфологические особенности строения сухожильного комплекса, исходная несостоятельность соединительной ткани, патологические изменения структуры самого ахиллова сухожилия, деформации стоп и голеностопных суставов.</p><p>Анализ литературных данных продемонстрировал, что повреждения сухожилия наиболее часто происходят у мужчин в возрасте 30–40 и 60–80 лет. В группу риска входят профессиональные спортсмены и люди, ведущие малоподвижный образ жизни, а также нарушающие корректный режим физических нагрузок. Немаловажную роль в предрасположенности к травме играют сопутствующие нарушения метаболизма, а также ряд лекарственных средств. Особенно высокий риск возникновения разрыва сухожилия связан с использованием локальных инъекций кортикостероидов. Сочетание нескольких установленных факторов риска существенно увеличивает вероятность возникновения этого неотложного состояния.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Раннее выявление факторов риска разрыва ахиллова сухожилия позволит своевременно разрабатывать профилактические меры у представителей общей популяции при занятиях физической культурой и спортом.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to summarize all clinically significant factors determining the Achilles tendon predisposition to rupture.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods: the basis of this scientific-analytical review was the analysis of data from the electronic portals PubMed-NCBI, Google Academy, and “Scientific electronic e-Library.ru”.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: the presented literature review indicates that injuries and ruptures of the Achilles tendon can be provoked by numerous factors, among which genetic predisposition, individual anatomico-morphological features of the tendon complex structure, initial connective tissue failure, pathological changes in the Achilles tendon structure itself, foot and ankle deformities are of great importance. Men are more susceptible to this injury. Tendon injuries are most common either in 30–40 years, or in the period from 60 to 80 years. Professional athletes and people who lead sedentary lifestyles and do not exercise properly are at risk of Achilles tendon ruptures. Concomitant metabolic disorders and use of some medications also play an important role in the predisposition to this injury. Local corticosteroid injections pose a particular tendon rupture risk. The combination of several established factors significantly increases the likelihood of this emergency.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions: early detection of predisposition to Achilles tendon rupture will allow timely development of effective measures for its prevention in physical training and sports.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ахиллово сухожилие</kwd><kwd>физическая нагрузка</kwd><kwd>спорт</kwd><kwd>разрыв сухожилия</kwd><kwd>факторы предрасположенности</kwd><kwd>профилактика травм</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Achilles tendon</kwd><kwd>physical training</kwd><kwd>sports</kwd><kwd>tendon rupture</kwd><kwd>predisposition factors</kwd><kwd>injury prevention</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Стратегия развития физической культуры и спорта в Российской Федерации на период до 2030 года: утв. 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