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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">smjournal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Спортивная медицина: наука и практика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Sports medicine: research and practice</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2223-2524</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9014</issn><publisher><publisher-name>NEICON</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47529/2223-2524.2024.2.7</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">smjournal-625</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИЗИОЛОГИЯ И БИОХИМИЯ СПОРТА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SPORTS PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Показатели вариабельности сердечного ритма у профессиональных футболистов при различных режимах анаэробного тестирования в динамике подготовительного периода</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Heart rate variability indices in professional football players under various anaerobic testing modes in dinamics of the preparatory period</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7820-9942</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Терехов</surname><given-names>П. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Terekhov</surname><given-names>P. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Терехов Павел Александрович, д.б.н., доцент</p><p>214018, Смоленск, проспект Гагарина, 23</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pavel A. Terekhov, D.Sc. (Biology), Assoc. Prof.</p><p>23 Gagarin Avenue, Smolensk, 214018</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">terechov_86@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1023-6642</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Брук</surname><given-names>Т. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Brooke</surname><given-names>T. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Брук Татьяна Михайловна, д.б.н., профессор, зав. кафедрой биологических дисциплин</p><p>214018, Смоленск, проспект Гагарина, 23</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana M. Brooke, D.Sc. (Biology), Prof., head of the department of biological disciplines</p><p>23 Gagarin Avenue, Smolensk, 214018</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">terechov_86@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1048-4296</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Киндюхин</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kindyukhin</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Киндюхин Егор Александрович, аспирант</p><p>214018, Смоленск, проспект Гагарина, 23</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Egor A. Kindyukhin, graduate student</p><p>23 Gagarin Avenue, Smolensk, 214018</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">terechov_86@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9960-6608</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Глазачев</surname><given-names>О. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Glazachev</surname><given-names>O. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Глазачев Олег Станиславович, д.м.н., профессор, профессор кафедры нормальной физиологии</p><p>125009, Москва, ул. Моховая, 11, стр. 4. офис 31</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oleg S. Glazachev, M.D., D.Sc. (Medicine), Prof., Professor of the department of normal physiology</p><p>11, building 4, office 31 Mokhovaya str., Moscow, 125009</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">glazachev_o_s@staff.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Смоленский государственный университет спорта»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Smolensk State University of Sports</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>11</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>5</fpage><lpage>15</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Терехов П.А., Брук Т.М., Киндюхин Е.А., Глазачев О.С., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Терехов П.А., Брук Т.М., Киндюхин Е.А., Глазачев О.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Terekhov P.A., Brooke T.M., Kindyukhin E.A., Glazachev O.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.smjournal.ru/jour/article/view/625">https://www.smjournal.ru/jour/article/view/625</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования: изучить динамику работоспособности и ее регуляторного нейровегетативного обеспечения у профессиональных футболистов при различных режимах анаэробного энергообеспечения на этапах подготовительного периода.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы: В проспективном исследовании приняли участие 16 спортсменов мужского пола 18–20 лет из числа членов сборной команды Смоленского государственного университета спорта по футболу на специально-подготовительном этапе тренировочно-соревновательного цикла. Спортсмены выполняли анаэробные тесты продолжительностью 6, 15 и 45 секунд, направленных на оценку скоростно-силовых способностей, максимальной алактатной мощности (МАМ) и гликолитической выносливости, соответственно на велоэргометре Ergomеdic 894E «Monark» в модернизированном варианте. Оценку функционального состояния атлетов в динамике тестов проводили путем регистрации показателей вариабельности сердечного ритма (ВСР) с применением устройства «Варикард 2.6».</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты: Исходные значения анаэробной работоспособности у квалифицированных футболистов находились при проведении всех трех тестов на высоком уровне и соответствовали их квалификации. Интенсивные тренировочные факторы подготовительного периода отразились в потенцировании их специальной работоспособности. В то же время наименее «тренируемыми» в динамике подготовительного периода, но наиболее устойчивыми и менее «затратными» в нейровегетативном обеспечении мышечной деятельности оказались скоростно-силовые способности. При оценке динамики изменений МАМ и гликолитической выносливости у футболистов отмечены более значимые приросты значений соответствующих индикаторов ВСР, максимально выраженные к завершению специально-подготовительного периода. Однако такой прогресс в показателях анаэробной работоспособности сопровождался негативной динамикой в показателях ВСР, что можно оценить как перенапряжение автономной регуляции, начальные признаки перетренированности.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение: Наиболее сложным в плане напряжения автономной регуляции признан 45-секундный анаэробный тест, в течение которого происходит переключение метаболизма на гликолиз. Полученные результаты доказывают обоснованность модификаций тренировочных режимов футболистов на подготовительном этапе, направленных на оптимизацию нагрузок алактатной и гликолитической направленности и улучшение результатов спортивного тестирования с сохранением адекватного функционального состояния молодых спортсменов.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to study the dynamics of performance and its regulatory neurovegetative support in professional football players under various anaerobic energy supply regimes at the stages of the preparatory period.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods: in a prospective study, 16 male athletes aged 18–20 years, first sports category, the main squad of the Smolensk State University of Sports football team at a special preparatory stage of the training and competition cycle were examined. Athletes performed anaerobic tests lasting 6, 15, and 45 seconds to assess, respectively, speed-strength abilities, maximum alactic power and glycolytic endurance on a modernized version of the Ergomedic 894E “Monark” bicycle ergometer. The functional state of athletes in the dynamics of the tests was assessed by diagnosing heart rate variability indicators using the “Varicard 2.6” device.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: the initial values of anaerobic performance in qualified football players were high during all three tests and corresponded to their qualification. Intensive training factors of the preparatory period were reflected in the potentiation of their special performance. At the same time, the least “trainable” in the dynamics of the preparatory period, but the most stable and less “costly” in the neurovegetative provision of muscle activity were speed-strength abilities. With the transition to the test assessment of the dynamics of maximum alactic power (MAP) and glycolytic endurance in football players, more significant increases in the values of the corresponding indicators were noted, most pronounced by the end of the special preparatory period. However, such progress in anaerobic performance indicators was accompanied by negative dynamics in HRV indicators (a significant decrease in HF values, the most pronounced increase in LF, LF / HF, VLF), which can be assessed as an overstrain of autonomic regulation, initial signs of overtraining.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion: the most difficult in terms of the tension of autonomous regulation is recognized as a 45-second anaerobic test, during which the metabolism switches to glycolysis. The obtained results prove the validity of modifications of training regimes of football players at the preparatory stage, aimed at optimizing/reducing the loads of alactate and glycolytic orientation in favor of aerobic training, in order to “bring out” athletes to the best test sports results while maintaining an adequate functional state.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>футбол</kwd><kwd>молодые футболисты анаэробная работоспособность</kwd><kwd>максимальная частота движений</kwd><kwd>относительная мощность</kwd><kwd>коэффициент выносливости</kwd><kwd>вариабельность сердечного ритма</kwd><kwd>нейровегетативное обеспечение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>anaerobic performance</kwd><kwd>maximum frequency of movements</kwd><kwd>relative power</kwd><kwd>endurance coefficient</kwd><kwd>heart rate variability</kwd><kwd>football players</kwd><kwd>neurovegetative support</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Фесюн А.Д., Датий А.В., Яковлев М.Ю., Черняховский О.Б. 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