smjournalСпортивная медицина: наука и практикаSports medicine: research and practice2223-25242587-9014NEICON10.47529/2223-2524.2024.3.2smjournal-645Research ArticleСПОРТИВНОЕ ПИТАНИЕSPORTS SUPPLEMENTSВлияние потребления шоколада на здоровье и результативность футболистов: систематический обзорEffects of chocolate consumption on the health and performance of football players: A systematic reviewhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7026-9019ХалегиМ. М.KhaleghiM. M.

Мохаммад Мехди Халеги, магистр наук, студент кафедры спортивных наук, факультет литературы и гуманитарных наук; научный сотрудник, группа исследований и технологий в области спорта, питания и здорового образа жизни, Школа литературы и гуманитарных наук

Иран, 7516913817, Бушер, улица Персидского залива

Mohammad Mehdi Khaleghi, M.Sc., Student, Department of Sport Science, School of Literature and Humanities; Researcher, Persian Gulf Sports, Nutrition and Wellness Research and Technology Group, School of Literature and Humanities

Iran, Bushehr, Persian Gulf Street

khaleghii1379@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0163-7807АхмадиФ.AhmadiF.

Фатемех Ахмади, доктор философии, научный сотрудник, факультет спортивных наук; научный сотрудник, группа исследований и технологий в области спорта, питания и здорового образа жизни, Школа литературы и гуманитарных наук

Иран, 7516913817, Бушер, улица Персидского залива

Fatemeh Ahmadi, Ph.D., Researcher, Department of Sport Science; Researcher, Persian Gulf Sports, Nutrition and Wellness Research and Technology Group, School of Literature and Humanities

Iran, Bushehr, Persian Gulf Street

F.ahmadi@mehr.pgu.ac.irhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0693-7887ХофмейстерМ.HofmeisterM.

Мартин Хофмайстер, доктор философии, ученый-диетолог, Департамент продовольствия и питания

Германия, D-80336, Мюнхен, Шванталерштрассе, 28

Martin Hofmeister, PhD, Nutrition Scientist, Department Food and Nutrition

Germany, D-80336, Munich, Schwanthalerstrasse, 28

hofmeister@vzbayern.deУниверситет Персидского заливаИранPersian Gulf UniversityIslamic Republic of IranЦентр защиты прав потребителей федеральной земли БаварияГерманияConsumer Centre of the German Federal State of BavariaGermany2024121220241432634Copyright © Халеги М.М., Ахмади Ф., Хофмейстер М., 20252025Халеги М.М., Ахмади Ф., Хофмейстер М.Khaleghi M.M., Ahmadi F., Hofmeister M.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.smjournal.ru/jour/article/view/645

Цель исследования: Шоколад, известный своим обилием биоактивных флавоноидных соединений, обладает предполагаемой пользой как для спортсменов, так и для общей популяции. Тем не менее не существует систематического обзора литературы, подробно описывающего влияние потребления шоколада, особенно среди футболистов. Целью этого обзора было проанализировать эффекты потребления шоколада на футболистов.Материалы и методы: систематический поиск исследований, соответствующих критериям включения, в соответствии с рекомендациями Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) проводился в базах данных Google Scholar, PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus, Embase и Web of Science с момента их создания до 1 апреля 2024 г. Найдено 48 статей, 9 исследований из которых соответствовали критериям включения.Результаты: Потребление шоколада связано со снижением диастолического артериального давления, среднего артериального давления, уровня холестерина в плазме, липопротеинов низкой плотности (ЛПНП-Х), малонового диальдегида, уратов, количества тромбоцитов, среднего объема тромбоцитов и ширины распределения тромбоцитов, а также снижением проницаемости кишечника. Было обнаружено снижение концентрации сывороточных маркеров повреждения мышц, таких как креатинкиназа, лактатдегидрогеназа. Кроме того, потребление шоколада было связано с увеличением антиоксидантной активности, среднего ежедневного времени упражнений, частоты сердечных сокращений, времени до утомления, физической работоспособности и улучшением окислительно-восстановительного статуса, соотношения витамина Е и холестерола.Заключение: Несмотря на ограниченное количество исследований, небольшие размеры выборок и наличие ограничений в каждом исследовании потребление шоколада имеет потенциал для улучшения спортивных результатов и восстановления у футболистов. При этом необходимы дальнейшие исследования для полного понимания масштаба этих эффектов.

Objective

Objective: Chocolate, renowned for its abundance of bioactive flavonoid compounds, is recognized as a delectable food option with purported benefits for both athletes and general population. Nevertheless, there is no consolidated overview detailing the effects of chocolate consumption specifically among football players. This review aims to elucidate the diverse impacts of chocolate consumption on football players.

Methods

Methods: A systematic search adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines studies that met the inclusion criteria was conducted in the databases of Google Scholar, PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science to April 01, 2024. Forthy-eight articles were retrieved, of which nine studies met the inclusion criteria.

Results

Results: The findings of these studies indicate that chocolate consumption is associated with a decrease in diastolic blood pressure, mean blood pressure, plasma cholesterol, Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, malondialdehyde, urate, platelet count, mean platelet volume, and platelet distribution width. It was found to reduce intestinal permeability as well as muscle damage biomarkers such as creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase. Furthermore, chocolate consumption was associated with an increase in vitamin E/cholesterol ratio, antioxidant power, mean daily exercise time, heart rate, time to fatigue, physical performance, and improvement in redox status.

Conclusion

Conclusion: Despite the limited number of studies in this area, small sample sizes, and the presence of limitations in each study, chocolate consumption has demonstrated the potential to enhance athletic performance and recovery in football players. However, further research is essential to fully understand the scope of these effects.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.