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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">smjournal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Спортивная медицина: наука и практика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Sports medicine: research and practice</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2223-2524</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9014</issn><publisher><publisher-name>NEICON</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47529/2223-2524.2025.3.1</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">smjournal-679</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНАЯ ДИАГНОСТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>FUNCTIONAL TESTING</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Особенности функционирования микроциркуляторного русла в симметричных областях верхних конечностей у шорт-трековиков разного уровня мастерства</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Features of the functioning of the microcirculatory bed in symmetrical areas of upper extremities in short-track athletes at different skill levels</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2281-8757</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Литвин</surname><given-names>Ф. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Litvin</surname><given-names>F. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Литвин Федор Борисович, д.б.н., профессор кафедры спортивных дисциплин</p><p>214018, г. Смоленск, пр. Гагарина, д. 23</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Fedor B. Litvin, D.Sc. (Biology), Professor of the Department of Sports Disciplines</p><p>23 Gagarin Ave., Smolensk, 214018</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bf-litvin@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2259-1222</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никитюк</surname><given-names>Д. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikityuk</surname><given-names>D. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Никитюк Дмитрий Борисович, академик РАН, д.м.н., профессор, директор</p><p>109240, г. Москва, Устьинский проезд, д. 2/14</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry B. Nikityuk, Academician of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, M.D., D.Sc. (Medicine), Professor, Director</p><p>2/14 Ustinsky Proezd, Moscow, 109240</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nikitjuk@ion.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6628-1285</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Локтионова</surname><given-names>Ю. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Loktionova</surname><given-names>Y. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Локтионова Юлия Игоревна, аспирант кафедры «Приборостроение, метрология и сертификация», стажёр–исследователь научно-технологического центра биомедицинской фотоники </p><p>302026, г. Орел, ул. Комсомольская, д. 95</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yulia I. Loktionova, Роstgraduate student of the Department «Instrument Engineering, Metrology and Certification», Research Assistant of Research &amp; Development Center of Biomedical Photonics</p><p>95 Komsomolskaya str., Orel, 302026</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">julya-loktionova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9597-7364</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Паршакова</surname><given-names>В. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Parshakova</surname><given-names>V. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Паршакова Виктория Евгеньевна, студент кафедры «Приборостроение, метрология и сертификация», лаборант научно-технологического центра биомедицинской фотоники</p><p>302026, г. Орел, ул. Комсомольская, д. 95</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Victoria E. Parshakova, Student of the Department «Instrument Engineering, Metrology and Certification», Laboratory Assistant of Research &amp; Development Center of Biomedical Photonics</p><p>95 Komsomolskaya str., Orel, 302026</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">viktorya.parshak@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1023-6642</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Брук</surname><given-names>Т. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Brook</surname><given-names>T. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Брук Татьяна Михайловна, д.б.н., проф., заведующая кафедрой биологических дисциплин</p><p>214018, г. Смоленск, пр. Гагарина, д. 23</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatyana М. Brook, D.Sc. (Biology), Prof., Head of the Department of Biological Disciplines</p><p>23 Gagarin Ave., Smolensk, 214018</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bruktmcenter@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5735-3366</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жарких</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zharkikh</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Жарких Елена Валерьевна, к.т.н., старший преподаватель кафедры «Приборостроение, метрология и сертификация», научный сотрудник научно-технологического центра биомедицинской фотоники</p><p>302026, г. Орел, ул. Комсомольская, д. 95</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena V. Zharkikh, Senior lecturer of the Department «Instrument Engineering, Metrology and Certification», Researcher of Research &amp; Development Center of Biomedical Photonics</p><p>95 Komsomolskaya str., Orel, 302026</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ev.zharkikh@gmail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4431-6288</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дунаев</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dunaev</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дунаев Андрей Валерьевич, д.т.н., профессор кафедры «Приборостроение, метрология и сертификация», ведущий научный сотрудник научно–технологического центра биомедицинской фотоники</p><p>302026, г. Орел, ул. Комсомольская д. 95</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey V. Dunaev, D.Sc. (Tech.), Professor of the Department «Instrument Engineering, Metrology and Certification», Leading researcher of Research &amp; Development Center of Biomedical Photonics</p><p>95 Komsomolskaya str., Orel, 302026</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dunaev@bmecenter.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Смоленский государственный университет спорта»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Smolensk State University of Sports</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУН «ФИЦ питания, биотехнологии и безопасности пищи»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Орловский государственный университет имени И.С. Тургенева»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Orel State University named after I.S. Turgenev</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>22</fpage><lpage>33</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Литвин Ф.Б., Никитюк Д.Б., Локтионова Ю.И., Паршакова В.Е., Брук Т.М., Жарких Е.В., Дунаев А.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Литвин Ф.Б., Никитюк Д.Б., Локтионова Ю.И., Паршакова В.Е., Брук Т.М., Жарких Е.В., Дунаев А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Litvin F.B., Nikityuk D.B., Loktionova Y.I., Parshakova V.E., Brook T.М., Zharkikh E.V., Dunaev A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.smjournal.ru/jour/article/view/679">https://www.smjournal.ru/jour/article/view/679</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования: изучение реакции системы микроциркуляции крови в верхних конечностях при физической нагрузке (ФН) у шорт-трековиков разного уровня мастерства.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы: в исследовании приняли участие шорт-трековики мужского пола: 5 спортсменов в возрасте 14–16 лет, уровень спортивной квалификации — 2–3-й разряды, 6 спортсменов в возрасте 14–16 лет, уровень спортивной квалификации — 1-й разряд и 6 спортсменов в возрасте 16–18 лет, уровень спортивной квалификации — мастер спорта (КМС). Юные спортсмены выполняли дозированную анаэробную физическую нагрузку на велоэргометре продолжительностью 3 мин с частотой вращения педалей 60 оборотов в минуту. Величина нагрузки задавалась из расчета 3 % от массы тела. Для спортсменов 2–3-го разряда нагрузка составила 1,3 ± 0,2 кг, для испытуемых с 1-м разрядом — 1,6 ± 0,4 кг и для кандидатов в мастера спорта — 1,8 ± 0,2 кг. Микроциркуляцию крови оценивали методом лазерной доплеровской флоуметрии. Анализировали показатели перфузии (ПМ), нутритивного кровотока (Мнутр) и спектральные компоненты ЛДФ-сигнала. Оценивались изменения коэффициента асимметрии параметров до и после ФН.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Как до, так и после физической нагрузки показатели ПМ и Мнутр были выше на правом предплечье. Коэффициент асимметрии ПМ и Мнутр снизился после ФН для всех групп испытуемых, тогда как асимметрия амплитуд колебаний регуляторных механизмов возрастала тем больше, чем выше разряд спортсменов, что свидетельствует о развитии механизмов локальной поддержки гемодинамического постоянства организма с увеличением уровня мастерства. Максимальные изменения отмечены в ПМ, Мнутр и амплитудах миогенных колебаний, что указывает на высокую реактивность сосудов и эффективное перераспределение кровотока в нутритивное русло для обеспечения клеток биоткани кислородом и питательными веществами, особенно у КМС, что свидетельствует об их лучшей адаптации к нагрузке.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Полученные данные подтверждают существование функциональной асимметрии микроциркуляции, которая уменьшается под влиянием ФН. Спортсмены более высокого разряда демонстрируют лучшие адаптационные способности. Результаты могут быть использованы для оптимизации тренировочного процесса с учетом функциональной асимметрии.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Purpose of the study</title><p>Purpose of the study: The study of the reaction of the blood microcirculation system in the upper extremities during physical activity (PA) in short-track athletes of different skill levels.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods: The study involved male short-track skaters: 5 athletes aged 14–16 years, with a sports qualification level of 3–2 ranks, 6 athletes aged 14–16 years, with a sports qualification level of 1 rank, and 6 athletes aged 16–18 years, with a sports qualification level Candidate Master of Sports (СMS). The young athletes performed a controlled anaerobic physical load on a cycle ergometer for 3 minutes at a pedal rotation rate of 60 revolutions per minute. The load was set at 3 % of body weight. For athletes with 3rd and 2nd ranks, the load was 1.3 ± 0.2 kg, for those with 1st rank, it was 1.6 ± 0.4 kg, and for Candidate Master of Sports, it was 1.8 ± 0.2 kg.</p><p>Blood microcirculation was assessed by laser Doppler flowmetry. The index of microcirculation (Im), nutritive blood flow (Mnutr), and spectral components of the LDF signal were analyzed. Changes in the asymmetry coefficient of the parameters before and after PA were evaluated.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: Both before and after physical activity, Im and Mnutr were higher in the right forearm. The coefficient of asymmetry for Im and Mnutr decreased for all groups after physical activity, while the asymmetry in the amplitude of fluctuations in regulatory mechanisms increased as the rank of athletes increased, indicating the development of local mechanisms to support hemodynamic stability in the body as skill level increased. Maximum changes were noted for Im, Mnutr, and myogenic oscillations amplitudes, indicating high vascular reactivity and effective redistribution of blood flow to nutritive channels to provide cells with oxygen and nutrients, particularly for Candidates Master of Sports, indicating better adaptation to physical activity.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion: Obtained data confirm the existence of functional asymmetry in microcirculation, which decreases under the influence of physical activity. Athletes with a higher level of training demonstrate better adaptive abilities. These results can be used to optimize training processes by taking into account functional asymmetries.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>микроциркуляция крови</kwd><kwd>физическая нагрузка</kwd><kwd>функциональная асимметрия</kwd><kwd>шорт-трек</kwd><kwd>лазерная допплеровская флоуметрия</kwd><kwd>адаптация</kwd><kwd>спортивная физиология</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>blood microcirculation</kwd><kwd>physical activity</kwd><kwd>functional asymmetry</kwd><kwd>short track</kwd><kwd>laser Doppler flowmetry</kwd><kwd>adaptation</kwd><kwd>sports physiology</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Ю.И. Локтионова и Е.В. Жарких благодарят РНФ за финансовую поддержку (грант № 25-25-00546).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">Y.I. Loktionova and E.V. 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