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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">smjournal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Спортивная медицина: наука и практика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Sports medicine: research and practice</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2223-2524</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9014</issn><publisher><publisher-name>NEICON</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47529/2223-2524.2026.1.4</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">smjournal-680</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИЗИОЛОГИЯ И БИОХИМИЯ СПОРТА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SPORTS PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Особенности взаимодействия компонентов кислородного транспорта у юношей в зависимости от физической активности и полиморфизма гена ACE</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Peculiarities of interaction of oxygen transport components in young men depending on physical activity and ACE gene polymorphism</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4806-257X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Исаева</surname><given-names>Е. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Isaeva</surname><given-names>E. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Исаева Екатерина Евгеньевна, старший преподаватель кафедры нормальной физиологии</p><p>450008, Уфа, ул. Ленина, 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina E. Isaeva, Senior Lecturer, Department of Normal Physiology</p><p>3 Lenin str., Ufa, 450008</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">agent373@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3069-2178</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Даутова</surname><given-names>A. З.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dautova</surname><given-names>A. Z.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Даутова Альбина Зуфаровна, к.б.н., доцент, старший научный сотрудник</p><p>420010, Казань, территория Деревня Универсиады, 35</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Albina Z. Dautova, Cand. Sci. (Biology), Associate Professor, Senior researcher</p><p>35 Universiade Village, Kazan, 420010</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dautova.az@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5141-724X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Науразбаева</surname><given-names>Э. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Naurazbaeva</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Науразбаева Эмилия Азаматовна, студент лечебного факультета</p><p>450008, Уфа, ул. Ленина, 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Emilia A. Naurazbaeva, student of the Faculty of Medicine</p><p>3 Lenin str., Ufa, 450008</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">emilianaurazbaeva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ахъямова</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Akhyamova</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ахъямова Алина Ильдаровна, студент педиатрического факультета</p><p>450008, Уфа, ул. Ленина, 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alina I. Akhyamova, student of the pediatric faculty</p><p>3 Lenin str., Ufa, 450008</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alina-kurbanova-2013@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7633-4264</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шамратова</surname><given-names>В. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shamratova</surname><given-names>V. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шамратова Валентина Гусмановна, д.б.н., профессор, профессор кафедры нормальной физиологии</p><p>450008, Уфа, ул. Ленина, 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valentina G. Shamratova, Dr. Sci. (Biology), Professor, Professor of the Department of Normal Physiology</p><p>3 Lenin str., Ufa, 450008</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">distantshamratova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Башкирский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Bashkir State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Поволжский государственный университет физической культуры, спорта и туризма»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Volga Region State University of Physical Culture, Sports and Tourism</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>33</fpage><lpage>42</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Исаева Е.Е., Даутова A.З., Науразбаева Э.А., Ахъямова А.И., Шамратова В.Г., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Исаева Е.Е., Даутова A.З., Науразбаева Э.А., Ахъямова А.И., Шамратова В.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Isaeva E.E., Dautova A.Z., Naurazbaeva E.A., Akhyamova A.I., Shamratova V.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.smjournal.ru/jour/article/view/680">https://www.smjournal.ru/jour/article/view/680</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: исследование ассоциации полиморфизма I/D гена АСЕ с оксигенацией гемоглобина и его сродством к кислороду, а также оценка доли участия отдельных компонентов кислородтранспортной системы у юношей в зависимости от физической активности и полиморфизма гена ACE.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Обследованы 201 юноша в возрасте 21 ± 2 года. В зависимости от уровня двигательной активности (ДА) обследуемые были разделены на две группы. Первая группа представлена студентами с высокой ДА — спортсмены-легкоатлеты (бег на средние и длинные дистанции) (n = 50). Во вторую группу вошли студенты с низкой ДА (НДА) (n = 151). У участников определяли общее число эритроцитов, содержание гемоглобина, средний объем отдельного эритроцита, гематокрит, среднюю концентрацию гемоглобина в эритроците, а также напряжение кислорода при 50 %-ной десатурации крови (р50), парциальное давление кислорода и углекислого газа, содержание окси- и дезоксигемоглобина, рН. Также проводилась оценка гемодинамических показателей. ДНК выделяли из лимфоцитов крови сорбентным способом. Генотипирование образцов проводили с помощью полимеразной цепной реакции в реальном времени.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Установлено, что наличие в генотипе аллеля D гена ACE обусловливает взаимосвязь снижения уровня ДА с ухудшением показателей сатурации кислорода, что повышает вероятность неблагоприятных изменений функционального состояния сердечно-сосудистой системы. У носителей генотипа I/I снижение уровня ДА ассоциируется с уменьшением суммарной дыхательной поверхности эритроцитов при отсутствии напряжения со стороны аппарата кровообращения.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Различия в аффинности гемоглобина к кислороду генетически детерминированы. У носителей аллеля D оксигенация гемоглобина зависит от уровня ДА, а у представителей генотипа I/I гена АСЕ снижение сродства гемоглобина к кислороду не зависит от интенсивности мышечной деятельности.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to investigate the association between the I/D polymorphism of the ACE gene and hemoglobin oxygenation and its affinity for oxygen, as well as to assess the contribution of individual components of the oxygen transport system in young men depending on physical activity and the ACE gene polymorphism.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods: The study involved 201 young men aged 21 ± 2 years. Depending on their level of physical activity (PA), the subjects were divided into two groups. The first group consisted of student-athletes engaged in track and field (middle- and long-distance running) (n = 50). The second group comprised students with low PA (n = 151). General blood parameters were determined: total red blood cell count (RBC), hemoglobin concentration (HGB), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), hematocrit (HTC), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). Additionally, oxygen tension at 50 % blood desaturation (p50), partial pressure of oxygen and carbon dioxide (pO2 and pCO2), concentrations of oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin (HbO2, HHb), and pH were measured. Hemodynamic parameters were assessed. DNA was extracted from blood lymphocytes using a sorbent-based method. Genotyping of samples was performed using real-time PCR.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Factor analysis revealed that the presence of the D allele of the ACE genotype determines an association between decreased PA levels and impaired oxygen saturation parameters, which increases the likelihood of adverse changes in the functional state of the cardiovascular system. In carriers of the I/I genotype, a decrease in PA level is associated with a reduction in the total respiratory surface of red blood cells without placing strain on the circulatory system.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Differences in hemoglobin affinity for oxygen are genetically determined. In carriers of the D allele, hemoglobin oxygenation depends on the level of PA. In individuals with the I/I genotype of the ACE gene, a decrease in hemoglobin’s affinity for oxygen, regardless of the intensity of muscular activity, ensures the body’s ability to maintain the necessary level of oxygen delivery to tissues.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>полиморфизм I/D гена АСЕ</kwd><kwd>оксигенация крови</kwd><kwd>кислородтранспортная система</kwd><kwd>физическая активность</kwd><kwd>адаптация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>ACE gene I/D polymorphism</kwd><kwd>blood oxygenation</kwd><kwd>oxygen transport system</kwd><kwd>physical activity</kwd><kwd>adaptation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hellsten Y., Nyberg M. Cardiovascular Adaptations to Exercise Training. Compr. 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