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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">smjournal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Спортивная медицина: наука и практика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Sports medicine: research and practice</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2223-2524</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9014</issn><publisher><publisher-name>NEICON</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47529/2223-2524.2025.2.2</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">smjournal-693</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РЕАБИЛИТАЦИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REHABILITATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Кинематическая оценка доминирующей и недоминирующей ноги в момент первого контакта: последствия для риска травм нижних конечностей при приземлениях после атакующих и блокирующих прыжков у профессиональных волейболистов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Kinematic assessment of the dominant and non-dominant legs at initial contact: Implications for lower limb injury risk during spike and block landings in professional volleyball players</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2032-4937</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маджлеси</surname><given-names>М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Majlesi</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Маджлеси Махди - доцент по спортивной биомеханике, кафедра спортивной биомеханики.</p><p>Бульвар профессора Муссиванда, Хамедан, 6517653811</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mahdi Majlesi - Associate Professor of Sport Biomechanics, Department of Sport Biomechanics, Ha.C., Islamic Azad University.</p><p>Professor Mussivand Blvd, Hamedan, 6517653811</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">m.majlesi@iau.ac.ir</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0114-9208</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Азадиан</surname><given-names>Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Azadian</surname><given-names>E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Азадиан Элахе - доцент по моторному поведению, кафедра моторного поведения.</p><p>Бульвар профессора Муссиванда, Хамедан, 6517653811</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elaheh Azadian - Associate Professor of Motor Behavior, Department of Motor Behavior, Ha.C., Islamic Azad University.</p><p>Professor Mussivand Blvd, Hamedan, 6517653811</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">elaheh.azadian@iau.ac.ir</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5416-3495</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мохаммад Захери</surname><given-names>Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mohammad Zaheri</surname><given-names>R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мохаммад Захери Рафи - доктор спортивной биомеханики, кафедра спортивной биомеханики.</p><p>Бульвар профессора Муссиванда, Хамедан, 6517653811</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Rafe Mohammad Zaheri - PhD in Sport Biomechanics, Department of Sport Biomechanics, Ha.C., Islamic Azad University.</p><p>Professor Mussivand Blvd, Hamedan, 6517653811</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rafezaheri@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Исламский университет Азад</institution><country>Иран</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Islamic Azad University</institution><country>Islamic Republic of Iran</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>67</fpage><lpage>75</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Маджлеси М., Азадиан Э., Мохаммад Захери Р., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Маджлеси М., Азадиан Э., Мохаммад Захери Р.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Majlesi M., Azadian E., Mohammad Zaheri R.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.smjournal.ru/jour/article/view/693">https://www.smjournal.ru/jour/article/view/693</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования: Приземления после атакующих (спайковых) и блокирующих прыжков в волейболе являются одной из основных причин травм нижних конечностей, особенно передней крестообразной связки (ПКС). Понимание различий в кинематике приземлений между этими двумя типами прыжков может способствовать улучшению стратегий профилактики травм. Цель данного исследования — изучить различия в кинематике приземлений нижних конечностей между прыжками при атаке и блоке, а также между доминирующей и недоминирующей ногой у профессиональных волейболистов.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы: Двадцать семь элитных волейболистов-мужчин выполняли атакующие и блокирующие прыжки через стандартную сетку (2,43 м). Трёхмерные углы суставов нижних конечностей в момент первого контакта с поверхностью фиксировались с помощью системы захвата движения (200 Гц), синхронизированной с силовыми платформами (1000 Гц). Также измерялась высота прыжка. Парные t-критерии Стьюдента использовались для сравнения углов суставов между типами прыжков и между доминирующей и недоминирующей ногой (p ≤ 0,05).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты: Атакующие прыжки сопровождались значительно большей высотой прыжка по сравнению с блокирующими (p = 0,002). В момент первого контакта приземления после спайка характеризовались значительно меньшим сгибанием в колене и тазобедренном суставе, большей подошвенной флексией голеностопного сустава и выраженным вальгусом колена недоминирующей ноги по сравнению с блоком. Значимых различий между ногами при блокирующих приземлениях не наблюдалось, однако при приземлениях после спайка выявлялись выраженные асимметрии: недоминирующая нога демонстрировала более опасное выравнивание коленного сустава и меньшее сгибание по сравнению с доминирующей ногой.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение: Приземления после атакующих прыжков сопровождаются более рискованной биомеханической схемой, особенно для недоминирующей ноги, что потенциально увеличивает риск повреждения ПКС. Тренерам рекомендуется уделять внимание развитию симметричной силы нижних конечностей, улучшению сгибания в коленном и тазобедренном суставах при приземлении, а также проведению целенаправленных нейромышечных тренировок для уменьшения асимметрии при приземлениях.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Purpose of the study</title><p>Purpose of the study: Jump landings after spike and block jumps in volleyball are among the primary contributors to lower limb injuries, particularly involving the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). Understanding kinematic differences between these two common landing scenarios can enhance injury prevention strategies. The purpose of this study is to investigate the differences in lower limb landing kinematics between spike and block jumps, as well as between the dominant and non-dominant legs, in professional volleyball players.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods: Twenty-seven elite male volleyball players performed spike and block jumps over a standard net (2.43 m). Three-dimensional lower limb joint angles at initial contact (IC) were recorded using a motion capture system (200 Hz) synchronized with force plates (1000 Hz). Jump height was also measured. Paired t-tests compared joint angles between spike and block landings and between dominant and non-dominant legs (p ≤ 0.05).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: Spike jumps resulted in significantly higher jump heights compared to block jumps (p = 0.002). At initial contact, spike landings demonstrated significantly less knee and hip flexion, greater ankle plantarflexion, and a higher degree of non-dominant knee valgus compared to block landings. No significant inter-limb differences were found during block landings; however, spike landings showed significant asymmetries, with the non-dominant leg exhibiting riskier knee alignment and reduced flexion compared to the dominant leg.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion: Spike landings involve biomechanically riskier patterns than block landings, particularly in the non-dominant leg, potentially elevating ACL injury risk. Coaches should emphasize balanced lower-limb strength, enhanced knee and hip flexion during landing, and targeted neuromuscular training to mitigate these landing asymmetries.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>волейбол</kwd><kwd>биомеханика приземления</kwd><kwd>доминирующая и недоминирующая нога</kwd><kwd>риск травмы ПКС</kwd><kwd>кинематика приземлений при прыжках</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Volleyball</kwd><kwd>Landing biomechanics</kwd><kwd>Dominant vs non-dominant leg</kwd><kwd>ACL injury risk</kwd><kwd>Jump landing kinematics</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Авторы выражают благодарность участником исследования за их участие.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The authors express their gratitude to all participants for their involvement in this study.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lobietti R., Coleman S., Pizzichillo E., Merni F. 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