The problem of the course reception of sympatomimetics from the group of aliphatic amines safety (geranamine, octodrine, AMP citrate)
https://doi.org/10.47529/2223-2524.2021.4.7
Abstract
Sport nutrition used to reduce weight or improve performance may contain psychostimulant aliphatic amines. The most common of them are DMAA, octodrine and AMP citrate. There are no toxicometric data for above compounds, which prevents their preclinical and clinical study and the formation of optimal dosing regimens or algorithms for overdose therapy. We determined that all of the above drugs have a low degree of cumulation of <20%. Based on the properties of this class of drug, the course should not exceed 7 days in order to avoid complications and the development of addiction.
About the Authors
O. A. YakovlevRussian Federation
Oleg A. Yakovlev, researcher
4, Lesoparkovaya str., St. Petersburg, 195043, Russia
M. S. Vakhviyaynen
Russian Federation
Mariya S. Vakhviyaynen, junior researcher
4, Lesoparkovaya str., St. Petersburg, 195043, Russia
M. A. Judin
Russian Federation
Mihail A. Judin, Ph.D. (Medicine), Associate Professor
4, Lesoparkovaya str., St. Petersburg, 195043, Russia
A. G. Anokhin
Russian Federation
Aleksandr G. Anokhin, M.D., Ph.D. (Medicine)
4, Lesoparkovaya str., St. Petersburg, 195043, Russia
A. V. Konovalov
Russian Federation
Aleksei V. Konovalov, researcher
4, Lesoparkovaya str., St. Petersburg, 195043, Russia
References
1. Cohen P.A. DMAA as a dietary supplement ingredient. Arch. Intern. Med. 2012;172(13):1038–1039. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinternmed.2012.1677
2. Forrester M. Exposures to 1,3dimethylamylaminecontaining products reported to Texas poison centers. Hum. Exp. Toxicol. 2013;32(1):18–23. https://doi.org/10.1177/0960327112454895
3. Planida E.V. Problems of prohibited substances use in sport. Uchenye zapiski Belorusskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta fzicheskoi kul’tury [Scientifc notes of the Belarusian State University of Physical Culture]. 2019;22:241–247 (In Russ.).
4. Gee P., Jackson S., Easton J. Another bitter pill: a case of toxicity from DMAA party pills. N. Z. Med. J. 2010;123(1327):124–127.
5. Salinger L., Daniels B., Sangalli B., Bayer M. Recreational use of a bodybuilding supplement resulting in severe cardiotoxicity. Clinical Toxicology. 2011;49:573–574.
6. McCarthy C.G., Farney T.M., Canale R.E., Alleman R.J. Jr., Bloomer R.J. A fnished dietary supplement stimulates lipolysis and metabolic rate in young men and women. Nutr. Metab. Insights. 2012;5:23–31. https://doi.org/10.4137/NMI.S8567
7. Bloomer R.J., Harvey I.C., Farney T.M., Bell Z.W., Canale R.E. Effects of 1,3dimethylamylamine and caffeine alone or in combination on heart rate and blood pressure in healthy men and women. Phys. Sportsmed. 2011;39(3):111–120. https://doi.org/10.3810/psm.2011.09.1927
8. Rickli A., Hoener M.C., Liechti M.E. Pharmacological profles of compounds in preworkout supplements (“boosters”). Eur. J. Pharmacol. 2019;859:172515. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172515
9. Nurminen M.L., Niittynen L., Korpela R., Vapaatalo H. Coffee, caffeine and blood pressure: a critical review. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 1999;53(11):831–839. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600899
10. Dolan S.B., Gatch M.B. Abuse liability of the dietary supplement dimethylamylamine. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2015;146:97–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.11.00611.
11. Pavlova О.Yu. Effect of 1,3dimethylamine (DMAA) administration and withdrawal on rat behavior. In: Problems of medicine and biology: Materials of the international scientifcpractical conference of young scientists and students. Part 2. Kemerovo: Kemerovo State Medical University; 2020. c. 89–90 (In Russ.).
12. Fontana R.J. Severe Acute Hepatitis Attributed to the Herbal and Dietary Supplement OxyELITE Pro. Clin. Liver Dis. (Hoboken). 2019;14(2):45–48. https://doi.org/10.1002/cld.809
13. Foley S., Butlin E., Shields W., Lacey B. Experience with OxyELITE pro and acute liver injury in active duty service members. Dig. Dis. Sci. 2014;59(12):3117–3121. https://doi.org/10.1007/s1062001432214
14. Heidemann L.A., Navarro V.J., Ahmad J., Hayashi P.H., Stolz A., Kleiner D. E., et al. Severe Acute Hepatocellular Injury Attributed to OxyELITE Pro: A Case Series. Dig. Dis. Sci. 2016;61(9):2741–2748. https://doi.org/10.1007/s1062001641817
15. Kuo C.L., Wang R.B., Shen L.J., Lien L.L., Lien E.J. Gprotein coupled receptors: SAR analyses of neurotransmitters and antagonists. J. Clin. Pharm. Ter. 2004;29 (3):279–298. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.13652710.2004.00563.x
16. Schlessinger A., Geier E., Fan H., Irwin J. J., Shoichet B.K., Giacomini K. M., et al. Structurebased discovery of prescription drugs that interact with the norepinephrine transporter, NET. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A. 2011;108(38):15810–15815. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.110603010817.
17. Mikshta A. Yu., Erdniev L.P., Vlasov A.A., Legotin I.V. Ermolaeva I.A., et al. Possibilities of maintaining efciency in case of poisoning with organophosphorus compounds. Vestnik voisk RKhB zashchity = Journal of NBC Protection corps. 2019;3(4):311–318 (In Russ.).
18. Catalani V., Prilutskaya M., Al-Imam A., Marrinan S., Elgharably Y., Zloh M., et al. Octodrine: New Questions and Challenges in Sport Supplements. Brain Sci. 2018;8(2):34. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci8020034
19. Cohen P.A., Travis J.C., Venhuis B.J. A synthetic stimulant never tested in humans, 1,3dimethylbutylamine (DMBA), is identifed in multiple dietary supplements. Drug Test. Anal. 2015;7(1):83–87. https://doi.org/10.1002/dta.1735
20. Wang S.Y., Song Y., Xu M., He Q.H., Han Q.D., Zhang Y.Y. Internalization and distribution of three alpha1adrenoceptor subtypes in HEK293A cells before and afer agonist stimulation. Acta Pharmacol. Sin. 2007;28(3):359–366. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.17457254.2007.00509.x
21. Vincent J., Dachman W., Blaschke T.F., Hoffman B.B. Pharmacological tolerance to alpha 1adrenergic receptor antagonism mediated by terazosin in humans. J. Clin. Invest. 1992;90(5):1763–1768. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI116050
22. Graf P., Hallén H., Juto J.E. Fourweek use of oxymetazoline nasal spray (Nezeril) once daily at night induces rebound swelling and nasal hyperreactivity. Acta Otolaryngol. 1995;115(1):71–75. https://doi.org/10.3109/00016489509133350
23. Graf P., Hallén H. [Daily administration of nose drops can cause chronic nasal congestion]. Lakartidningen. 1996;93(4):259–262.
24. Mortuaire G., de Gabory L., François M., Massé G., Bloch F., Brion N., et al. Rebound congestion and rhinitis medicamentosa: nasal decongestants in clinical practice. Critical review of the literature by a medical panel. Eur. Ann. Otorhinolaryngol. Head Neck Dis. 2013;130(3):137–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anorl.2012.09.005
25. Graf P. Longterm use of oxy and xylometazoline nasal sprays induces rebound swelling, tolerance, and nasal hyperreactivity. Rhinology. 1996;34(1):9–13.
26. Schilling B.K., Hammond K.G., Bloomer R.J., Presley C.S., Yates C.R. Physiological and pharmacokinetic effects of oral 1,3dimethylamylamine administration in men. BMC Pharmacol. Toxicol. 2013;14:52. https://doi.org/10.1186/205065111452
27. Mironov A., ed. Guidelines for preclinical assessment of drug. Vol 1, Moscow: Grif i K Publ.; 2012 (In Russ.).
28. Tolokoncev N., Filov V. Basics of industrial toxicology (Guide). Leningrad: Meditsina; 1976 (In Russ.).
29. Gus`kova T. Drugs toxicology. Moscow: MVD Publ.; 2003 (In Russ.).
Review
For citations:
Yakovlev O.A., Vakhviyaynen M.S., Judin M.A., Anokhin A.G., Konovalov A.V. The problem of the course reception of sympatomimetics from the group of aliphatic amines safety (geranamine, octodrine, AMP citrate). Sports medicine: research and practice. 2021;11(4):69-77. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.47529/2223-2524.2021.4.7