On the use of glutamine-containing specialty foods in sports
A. V. Slivin,
P. V. Efimov,
A. V. Zorenko,
M. V. Kupeev,
T. A. Yashin,
M. Y. Yadgarov,
S. A. Bazanovich,
N. S. Philippova,
S. A. Parastaev https://doi.org/10.47529/2223-2524.2021.4.8
Abstract
Glutamine (GLN) and glutamic acid (GLA) are involved in many metabolic processes, from nucleotide synthesis to nerve impulse conduction; GLN is also an energy substrate for immunocompetent cells, making it an important link in the immune response. In stressful situations, which include significant physical activity, plasma levels of GLN and GLA decrease as a result of the amino acid being actively consumed in many biochemical reactions. GLN deficiency can lead to a number of negative manifestations in athletes and adversely affect athletic performance. The purpose of this work was to study the effects of glutamine deficiency and the possible replenishment of the deficiency by the consumption of exogenous forms of the substance when using glutamine-containing products; special attention was paid to the study of transient decrease in immune function as a relevant factor that impairs the mode of sports training.
About the Authors
A. V. Slivin
Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Anton V. Slivin, resident physician of Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine Department
1, bldg. 6, Ostrovityanova str., Moscow, 117513, Russia
P. V. Efimov
Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Pavel V. Efimov, resident physician of Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine Department
1, bldg. 6, Ostrovityanova str., Moscow, 117513, Russia
A. V. Zorenko
Federal Research and Clinical Center of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation of Federal Medical Biological Agency
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Alla V. Zorenko, sports medicine physician
5, B. Dorogomilovskaya str., Moscow, 121059, Russia
M. V. Kupeev
Federal Research and Clinical Center of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation of Federal Medical Biological Agency
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Marat V. Kupeev, sports medicine physician
5, B. Dorogomilovskaya str., Moscow, 121059, Russia
T. A. Yashin
Federal Research and Clinical Center of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation of Federal Medical Biological Agency
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Timofey A. Yashin, head of the office for the correction of the functional state of athletes
5, B. Dorogomilovskaya str., Moscow, 121059, Russia
M. Y. Yadgarov
Federal Research and Clinical Center of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation of Federal Medical Biological Agency
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Mikhail Y. Yadgarov, junior researcher
5, B. Dorogomilovskaya str., Moscow, 121059, Russia
S. A. Bazanovich
Federal Research and Clinical Center of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation of Federal Medical Biological Agency
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Sergey A. Bazanovich, cybernetic physician
5, B. Dorogomilovskaya str., Moscow, 121059, Russia
N. S. Philippova
Federal Research and Clinical Center of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation of Federal Medical Biological Agency
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Natalia S. Philippova, massage nurse
5, B. Dorogomilovskaya str., Moscow, 121059, Russia
S. A. Parastaev
Federal Research and Clinical Center of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation of Federal Medical Biological Agency; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Sergey A. Parastaev, M.D., D.Sc. (Medicine), Leading Researcher; Professor of the Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine Department
5, B. Dorogomilovskaya str., Moscow, 121059, Russia
1, bldg. 6, Ostrovityanova str., Moscow, 117513, Russia
References
1. Coqueiro A.Y., Rogero M.M., Tirapegui J. Glutamine as an Anti-Fatigue Amino Acid in Sports Nutrition. Nutrients. 2019;11(4):863. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11040863
2. Castell L.M., Newsholme E.A. The relation between glutamine and the immunodepression observed in exercise. Amino Acids. 2001;20(1):49–61. https://doi.org/10.1007/s007260170065
3. Walsh N.P., Blannin A.K., Robson P.J., Gleeson M. Glutamine, exercise and immune function // Links and possible mechanisms. Sports Med. 1998;26(3):177–191. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-199826030-00004
4. Krzywkowski K., Petersen E.W., Ostrowski K., Link-Amster H., Boza J., Halkjaer-Kristensen J., Pedersen B.K. Effect of glutamine and protein supplementation on exercise-induced decreases in salivary IgA. J. Appl. Physiol (1985). 2001;91(2):832–838. https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.2001.91.2.832.
5. Rohde T., MacLean D.A., Pedersen B.K. Effect of glutamine supplementation on changes in the immune system induced by repeated exercise. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 1998;30(6):856–862. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199806000-00013
6. Walsh N.P., Blannin A.K., Bishop N.C., Robson P.J., Gleeson M. Effect of oral glutamine supplementation on human neutrophil lipopolysaccharide-stimulated degranulation following prolonged exercise. Int. J. Sport Nutr. Exerc. Metab. 2000;10(1):39–50. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.10.1.39
7. Castell L.M., Poortmans J.R., Leclercq R., Brasseur M., Duchateau J., Newsholme E.A. Some aspects of the acute phase response after a marathon race, and the effects of glutamine supplementation. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. Occup. Physiol. 1997;75(1):47–53. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004210050125
8. Castell L.M., Poortmans J.R., Newsholme E.A. Does glutamine have a role in reducing infections in athletes? Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. Occup. Physiol. 1996;73(5):488–490. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00334429
9. Ward E., Picton S., Reid U., Thomas D., Gardener C., Smith M., et al. Oral glutamine in paediatric oncology patients: a dose finding study. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 2003;57(1):31–36. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601517
10. Bermon S., Castell L.M., Calder P.C., Bishop N.C., Blomstrand E., Mooren F.C., et al. Consensus Statement Immunonutrition and Exercise. Exerc Immunol Rev. 2017;23:8–50.
11. Maughan R.J., Burke L.M., Dvorak J., Larson-Meyer D.E., Peeling P., Phillips S.M., et al. IOC consensus statement: dietary supplements and the high-performance athlete. Br. J. Sports Med. 2018;52(7):439–455. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2018-099027
12. Maughan R.J., Shirreffs S., Vernec A. Making Decisions About Supplement Use. Int. J. Sport. Exerc. Metab. 2018 ;28(2):212–219. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2018-0009
13. Castell L.M. Can glutamine modify the apparent immunodepression observed after prolonged, exhaustive exercise? Nutrition. 2002;18(5):371–375. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0899-9007(02)00754-2
14. Koo G.H., Woo J., Kang S., Shin K.O. Effects of Supplementation with BCAA and L-glutamine on Blood Fatigue Factors and Cytokines in Juvenile Athletes Submitted to Maximal Intensity Rowing Performance. J. Phys. Ther. Sci. 2014;26(8):1241–1246. https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.26.1241
15. Legault Z., Bagnall N., Kimmerly D.S. The Influence of Oral L-Glutamine Supplementation on Muscle Strength Recovery and Soreness Following Unilateral Knee Extension Eccentric Exercise. Int. J. Sport Nutr. Exerc. Metab. 2015;25(5):417–426. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2014-0209
16. Coqueiro A.Y., Rogero M.M., Tirapegui J. Glutamine as an Anti-Fatigue Amino Acid in Sports Nutrition. Nutrients. 2019;11(4):863. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11040863
17. Lee E.C., Fragala M.S., Kavouras S.A., Queen R.M., Pryor J.L., Casa D.J. Biomarkers in Sports and Exercise: Tracking Health, Performance, and Recovery in Athletes. J. Strength Cond. Res. 2017;31(10):2920–2937. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000002122
18. Peake J.M., Della Gatta P., Suzuki K., Nieman D.C. Cytokine expression and secretion by skeletal muscle cells: regulatory mechanisms and exercise effects. Exerc. Immunol. Rev. 2015;21:8–25.
19. Nielsen A.R., Pedersen B.K. The biological roles of exercise- induced cytokines: IL-6, IL-8, and IL-15. Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab. 2007;32(5):833–839. https://doi.org/10.1139/H07-054
20. Cruzat V., Macedo Rogero M., Noel Keane K., Curi R., Newsholme P. Glutamine: Metabolism and Immune Function, Supplementation and Clinical Translation. Nutrients. 2018;10(11):1564. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10111564
21. Field C.J., Johnson I., Pratt V.C. Glutamine and arginine: immunonutrients for improved health. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 2000;32(7 Suppl):S377-S388. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200007001-00002
22. Bansal V., Ochoa J.B. Arginine availability, arginase, and the immune response. Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care. 2003;6(2):223–228. https://doi.org/10.1097/00075197-200303000-00012.
23. Dorshkind K., Horseman N.D. The roles of prolactin, growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-I, and thyroid hormones in lymphocyte development and function: insights from genetic models of hormone and hormone receptor deficiency. Endocr. Rev. 2000;21(3):292–312. https://doi.org/10.1210/edrv.21.3.0397.
24. Deryagina V.P., Ryzhova N.I., Golubkina N.A. Production of nitrogen oxide derivatives under the influence of NO-synthase inhibitors and natural compounds in mice with transplanted tumors. Exp. Oncol. 2012;34(1):29–33.
25. Calder P.C. Immunonutrition in surgical and critically ill patients. Br. J. Nutr. 2007;98(Suppl 1):S133-S139. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114507832909
26. Chatterjee S., Premachandran S., Bagewadikar R.S., Bhattacharya S., Chattopadhyay S., Poduval T.B. Arginine metabolic pathways determine its therapeutic benefit in experimental heatstroke: role of Th1/Th2 cytokine balance. Nitric. Oxide. 2006;15(4):408–416. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.niox.2006.04.003
27. Calder P.C., Yaqoob P. Glutamine and the immune system. Amino Acids. 1999;17(3):227–241. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01366922
Review
For citations:
Slivin A.V., Efimov P.V., Zorenko A.V., Kupeev M.V., Yashin T.A., Yadgarov M.Y., Bazanovich S.A., Philippova N.S., Parastaev S.A. On the use of glutamine-containing specialty foods in sports. Sports medicine: research and practice. 2021;11(4):57-68. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.47529/2223-2524.2021.4.8
Views:
809
Email this article 