Плантарный фасциит у спортсменов: современное состояние проблемы

Цель исследования: рассмотреть на основе анализа отечественных и иностранных источников основные вопросы эпидемиологии, патогенеза, диагностики и лечения плантарного фасциита у спортсменов.
Материалы и методы: проведен анализ данных электронных порталов PubMed-NCBI, Scopus, Академия Google, Cochrane Library и «Научная электронная библиотека eLIBRARY.RU» по запросам: «plantar fasciitis sport», «plantar fasciitis in athletes» «plantar fasciitis physical therapy». В обзоре проведен анализ 103 публикаций, из них 16 посвящено проблематике плантарного фасциита в спорте; включено 34 метаанализа, 39 обзоров, 11 рандомизированных клинических испытаний и 19 иных исследований, построенных на основе принципов надлежащей клинической практики.
Результаты: оценена встречаемость плантарного фасциита среди спортсменов, которая составляет от 5,2 до 17,5%. Продемонстрировано, что ведущее морфологическое изменение — дегенерация соединительной ткани, что в сочетании с повторяющейся микротравматизацией может вызывать боль. При этом у спортсменов плантарный фасциит часто сопровождается различными биомеханическими нарушениями и часто ассоциирован с плоскостопием. Отмечено, что ультразвуковое исследование и магнитно-резонансная томография, которые позволяют обнаружить утолщение подошвенного апоневроза и признаки его дегенеративных изменений, а также рентгенография стоп расцениваются как вспомогательные диагностические инструменты. Описан достаточно широкий спектр подходов к лечению плантарного фасциита: медикаментозные методы воздействия, средства физической и реабилитационной медицины, а также хирургическое вмешательство, которые имеют разную степень доказанной эффективности.
Заключение: поскольку у спортсменов плантарный фасциит характеризуется достаточно высокой распространенностью и устойчивостью к проводимым терапевтическим мероприятиям, что отражено в ограниченных по количеству исследованиях, то разработка патогенетически обоснованных мероприятий по своевременной диагностике и лечению данного состояния, прежде всего биомеханической направленности, будет способствовать скорейшему возобновлению полноценной тренировочной и соревновательной деятельности спортсмена. Предложены направления дальнейших исследований по проблематике возникновения у спортсменов болей в пяточной области.

1. Gutteck N., Schilde S., Delank K.S. Pain on the Plantar Surface of the Foot. Dtsch. Arztebl. Int. 2019;116(6):83–88. https://doi.org/10.3238/arztebl.2019.0083

2. Petraglia F., Ramazzina I., Costantino C. Plantar fasciitis in athletes: diagnostic and treatment strategies. A systematic review. Muscles Ligaments Tendons J. 2017;7(1):107–118. https://doi.org/10.11138/mltj/2017.7.1.107

3. Noriega D.C., Cristo Á., León A., García-Medrano B., Caballero-García A., Córdova-Martinez A. Plantar Fasciitis in Soccer Players-A Systemic Review. In.t J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2022;19(21):14426. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114426

4. League A.C. Current concepts review: plantar fasciitis. Foot Ankle Int. 2008;29(3):358–366. https://doi.org/10.3113/FAI.2008.0358

5. Young C. In the clinic. Plantar fasciitis. Ann. Intern. Med. 2012;156(1 Pt 1):ITC1–ITC16. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-156-1-201201030-01001

6. Irving D.B., Cook J.L., Young M.A., Menz H.B. Impact of chronic plantar heel pain on health-related quality of life. J. Am. Podiatr. Med. Assoc. 2008;98(4):283–289. https://doi.org/10.7547/0980283

7. Orchard J. Plantar fasciitis. BMJ. 2012;345:e6603. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.e6603

8. Taunton J.E., Ryan M.B., Clement D.B., McKenzie D.C., Lloyd-Smith D.R., Zumbo B.D. A retrospective case-control analysis of 2002 running injuries. Br. J. Sports Med. 2002;36(2):95–101. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.36.2.95

9. Stuber K., Kristmanson K. Conservative therapy for plantar fasciitis: a narrative review of randomized controlled trials. J. Can. Chiropr. Assoc. 2006;50(2):118–133.

10. Thompson J.V., Saini S.S., Reb C.W., Daniel J.N. Diagnosis and management of plantar fasciitis. J. Am. Osteopath. Assoc. 2014;114(12):900–906. https://doi.org/10.7556/jaoa.2014.177

11. Цымбал А.Н., Цымбал А.В. Плантарный фасциит: медико-социальная характеристика больных. Врач-аспирант. 2012;51(2.2):330–335.

12. Sobhani S., Dekker R., Postema K., Dijkstra P.U. Epidemiology of ankle and foot overuse injuries in sports: A systematic review. Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports. 2013;23(6):669–686. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2012.01509.x

13. Hoffman M.D., Krishnan E. Health and exercise-related medical issues among 1,212 ultramarathon runners: baseline findings from the Ultrarunners Longitudinal TRAcking (ULTRA) Study. PLoS One. 2014;9(1):e83867. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0083867

14. Lopes A.D., Hespanhol Júnior L.C., Yeung S.S., Costa L.O. What are the main running-related musculoskeletal injuries? A Systematic Review. Sports Med. 2012;42(10):891–905. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03262301

15. Buchbinder R. Clinical practice. Plantar fasciitis. N. Engl. J. Med. 2004;350(21):2159–2166. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMcp032745

16. Dyck D.D. Jr., Boyajian-O’Neill L.A. Plantar fasciitis. Clin. J. Sport Med. 2004;14(5):305–309. https://doi.org/10.1097/00042752-200409000-00010

17. Hamstra-Wright K.L., Huxel Bliven K.C., Bay R.C., Aydemir B. Risk Factors for Plantar Fasciitis in Physically Active Individuals: A Systematic Review and Metaanalysis. Sports Health. 2021;13(3):296–303. https://doi.org/10.1177/1941738120970976

18. Кулибаба К.В., Василькин А.К. Современные аспекты лечения патологии стопы у легкоатлетов. Медицинский алфавит. 2018;3(27):62–63.

19. Kibler W.B., Goldberg C., Chandler T.J. Functional biomechanical deficits in running athletes with plantar fasciitis. Am. J. Sports Med. 1991;19(1):66–71. https://doi.org/10.1177/036354659101900111

20. Lemont H., Ammirati K.M., Usen N. Plantar fasciitis: a degenerative process (fasciosis) without inflammation. J. Am. Podiatr. Med. Assoc. 2003;93(3):234–237. https://doi.org/10.7547/87507315-93-3-234

21. Trojian T., Tucker A.K. Plantar Fasciitis. Am. Fam. Physician. 2019;99(12):744–750.

22. Chang R., Rodrigues P.A., Van Emmerik R.E., Hamill J. Multi-segment foot kinematics and ground reaction forces during gait of individuals with plantar fasciitis. J. Biomech. 2014;47(11):2571–2577. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2014.06.003

23. Tenforde A.S., Yin A., Hunt K.J. Foot and Ankle Injuries in Runners. Phys. Med. Rehabil. Clin. N. Am. 2016;27(1):121–137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmr.2015.08.007

24. La Porta G.A., La Fata P.C. Pathologic conditions of the plantar fascia. Clin Podiatr. Med. Surg. 2005;22(1):1-v. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpm.2004.08.001

25. Khan K.M., Cook J.L., Taunton J.E., Bonar F. Overuse tendinosis, not tendinitis part 1: a new paradigm for a difficult clinical problem. Phys. Sportsmed. 2000;28(5):38–48. https://doi.org/10.3810/psm.2000.05.890

26. Crosby W., Humble R.N. Rehabilitation of plantar fasciitis. Clin. Podiatr. Med. Surg. 2001;18(2):225–231.

27. Rhim H.C., Kwon J., Park J., Borg-Stein J., Tenforde A.S. A Systematic Review of Systematic Reviews on the Epidemiology, Evaluation, and Treatment of Plantar Fasciitis. Life (Basel). 2021;11(12):1287. https://doi.org/10.3390/life11121287

28. Butterworth P.A., Landorf K.B., Smith S.E., Menz H.B. The association between body mass index and musculoskeletal foot disorders: a systematic review. Obes. Rev. 2012;13(7):630–642. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-789X.2012.00996.x

29. Анищенко А.П., Джадаев С.И., Джадаева А.В., Иванов В.В., Коврижных М.В. Клинико-рентгенологические характеристики пациентов с плантарным фасциитом. Спортивная медицина: наука и практика. 2023;13(1):55–59. https://doi.org/10.47529/2223-2524.2023.1.7

30. Alazzawi S., Sukeik M., King D., Vemulapalli K. Foot and ankle history and clinical examination: A guide to everyday practice. World J. Orthop. 2017;8(1):21–29. https://doi.org/10.5312/wjo.v8.i1.21

31. Cheung J.T., Zhang M., An K.N. Effect of Achilles tendon loading on plantar fascia tension in the standing foot. Clin. Biomech. (Bristol, Avon). 2006;21(2):194–203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiomech. 2005.09.016

32. Kirby K.A. Biomechanics of the normal and abnormal foot. J. Am. Podiatr. Med. Assoc. 2000;90(1):30–34. https://doi.org/10.7547/87507315-90-1-30

33. Ker R.F., Bennett M.B., Bibby S.R., Kester R.C., Alexander R.M. The spring in the arch of the human foot. Nature. 1987;325(7000):147–149. https://doi.org/10.1038/325147a0

34. Bolgla L.A., Malone T.R. Plantar fasciitis and the windlass mechanism: a biomechanical link to clinical practice. J. Ath.l Train. 2004;39(1):77–82.

35. Lombardi C.M., Silhanek A.D., Connolly F.G., Dennis L.N. The effect of first metatarsophalangeal joint arthrodesis on the first ray and the medial longitudinal arch: a radiographic study. J. Foot Ankle Surg. 2002;41(2):96–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1067-2516(02)80032-1

36. Pollack Y., Shashua A., Kalichman L. Manual therapy for plantar heel pain. Foot (Edinb). 2018;34:11–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foot.2017.08.001

37. Kirby K.A. Longitudinal arch load-sharing system of the foot. Rev. Españ. Podolog. 2017;28:e18–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.repod.2017.03.003

38. Lee J.H., Shin K.H., Jung T.S., Jang W.Y. Lower Extremity Muscle Performance and Foot Pressure in Patients Who Have Plantar Fasciitis with and without Flat Foot Posture. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2022;20(1):87. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010087

39. Allen R.H., Gross M.T. Toe flexors strength and passive extension range of motion of the first metatarsophalangeal joint in individuals with plantar fasciitis. J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther. 2003;33(8):468–478. https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2003.33.8.468

40. Lewis C.L., Ferris D.P. Walking with increased ankle push-off decreases hip muscle moments. J. Biomech. 2008;41(10):2082–2089. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2008.05.013

41. Lee S.P., Powers C.M. Individuals with diminished hip abductor muscle strength exhibit altered ankle biomechanics and neuromuscular activation during unipedal balance tasks. Gait Posture. 2014;39(3):933–938. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2013.12.004

42. Riel H., Cotchett M., Delahunt E., Rathleff M.S., Vicenzino B., Weir A., Landorf K.B. Is ‘plantar heel pain’ a more appropriate term than ‘plantar fasciitis’? Time to move on. Br. J. Sports. Med. 2017;51(22):1576–1577. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2017-097519

43. Goff J.D., Crawford R. Diagnosis and treatment of plantar fasciitis. Am. Fam. Physician. 2011;84(6):676–682.

44. Stainsby G.D., Kupcha P.C. Re: the association between diagnosis of plantar fasciitis and windlass test results. Foot Ankle Int. 2004;25(9):687–688.

45. Alshami A.M., Babri A.S., Souvlis T., Coppieters M.W. Biomechanical evaluation of two clinical tests for plantar heel pain: the dorsiflexion-eversion test for tarsal tunnel syndrome and the windlass test for plantar fasciitis. Foot Ankle Int. 2007;28(4):499–505. https://doi.org/10.3113/FAI.2007.0499

46. De Garceau D., Dean D., Requejo S.M., Thordarson D.B. The association between diagnosis of plantar fasciitis and Windlass test results. Foot Ankle Int. 2003;24(3):251–255. https://doi.org/10.1177/107110070302400309

47. Клипфель И.В., Калыгина Н.А., Емельянов Н.Б. Возможности ультразвукового исследования в диагностике подошвенного фасциита. Вестник Челябинской областной клинической больницы. 2017;3(37):24–28.

48. Drake C., Whittaker G.A., Kaminski M.R., Chen J., Keenan A.M., Rathleff M.S., Robinson P., Landorf K.B. Medical imaging for plantar heel pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Foot Ankle Res. 2022;15(1):4. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13047-021-00507-2

49. Levy J.C., Mizel M.S., Clifford P.D., Temple H.T. Value of radiographs in the initial evaluation of nontraumatic adult heel pain. Foot Ankle Int. 2006;27(6):427–430. https://doi.org/10.1177/107110070602700607

50. Schneider H.P., Baca J.M., Carpenter B.B., Dayton P.D., Fleischer A.E., Sachs B.D. American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons Clinical Consensus Statement: Diagnosis and Treatment of Adult Acquired Infracalcaneal Heel Pain. J. Foot Ankle Surg. 2018;57(2):370–381. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jfas.2017.10.018

51. Ehrmann C., Maier M., Mengiardi B., Pfirrmann C.W., Sutter R. Calcaneal attachment of the plantar fascia: MR findings in asymptomatic volunteers. Radiology. 2014;272(3):807–814. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.14131410

52. Alshami A.M., Souvlis T., Coppieters M.W. A review of plantar heel pain of neural origin: differential diagnosis and management. Man. Ther. 2008;13(2):103–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.math.2007.01.014

53. Tu P. Heel Pain: Diagnosis and Management. Am. Fam. Physician. 2018;97(2):86–93.

54. Coppola M., Sgadari A., Marasco D., Danti C., Vitale G., Smeraglia F., Balato G., Bernasconi A. Treatment Approaches for Plantar Fasciopathy in Elite Athletes: A Scoping Review of the Literature. Orthop. J. Sports Med. 2022;10(11):23259671221136496. https://doi.org/10.1177/23259671221136496

55. Moustafa A.M., Hassanein E., Foti C. Objective assessment of corticosteroid effect in plantar fasciitis: additional utility of ultrasound. Muscles Ligaments Tendons J. 2016;5(4):289–296. https://doi.org/10.11138/mltj/2015.5.4.289

56. Whittaker G.A., Munteanu S.E., Menz H.B., Bonanno D.R., Gerrard J.M., Landorf K.B. Corticosteroid injection for plantar heel pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2019;20(1):378. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-019-2749-z

57. Chen C.M., Lee M., Lin C.H., Chang C.H., Lin C.H. Comparative efficacy of corticosteroid injection and non-invasive treatments for plantar fasciitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci. Rep. 2018;8(1):4033. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-22402-w

58. Шутов Ю.М., Шутова М.З., Кокшарова В.Н. Оптимизация лечения плантарных фасцитов и ахиллитов. Journal of Siberian Medical Sciences. 2015;(2):25.

59. Ling Y., Wang S. Effects of platelet-rich plasma in the treatment of plantar fasciitis: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Medicine (Baltimore). 2018;97(37):e12110. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000012110

60. Yu T., Xia J., Li B., Zhou H., Yang Y., Yu G. Outcomes of platelet-rich plasma for plantar fasciopathy: a best-evidence synthesis. J. Orthop. Surg. Res. 2020;15(1):432. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-020-01783-7

61. Vannini F., Di Matteo B., Filardo G., Kon E., Marcacci M., Giannini S. Platelet-rich plasma for foot and ankle pathologies: a systematic review. Foot Ankle Surg. 2014;20(1):2–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fas.2013.08.001

62. Franchini M., Cruciani M., Mengoli C., Marano G., Pupella S., Veropalumbo E., Masiello F., Pati I., Vaglio S., Liumbruno G.M. Efficacy of platelet-rich plasma as conservative treatment in orthopaedics: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Blood Transfus. 2018;16(6):502–513. https://doi.org/10.2450/2018.0111-18

63. Sun K., Zhou H., Jiang W. Extracorporeal shock wave therapy versus other therapeutic methods for chronic plantar fasciitis. Foot Ankle Surg. 2020;26(1):33–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fas.2018.11.002

64. Dizon J.N., Gonzalez-Suarez C., Zamora M.T., Gambito E.D. Effectiveness of extracorporeal shock wave therapy in chronic plantar fasciitis: a meta-analysis. Am. J. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 2013;92(7):606–620. https://doi.org/10.1097/PHM.0b013e31828cd42b

65. Thomson C.E., Crawford F., Murray G.D. The effectiveness of extra corporeal shock wave therapy for plantar heel pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Musculoskelet. Disord. 2005;6:19. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2474-6-19

66. Chang K.V., Chen S.Y., Chen W.S., Tu Y.K., Chien K.L. Comparative effectiveness of focused shock wave therapy of different intensity levels and radial shock wave therapy for treating plantar fasciitis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 2012;93(7):1259–1268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2012.02.023

67. Wang Y.C., Chen S.J., Huang P.J., Huang H.T., Cheng Y.M., Shih C.L. Efficacy of Different Energy Levels Used in Focused and Radial Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy in the Treatment of Plantar Fasciitis: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trials. J. Clin. Med. 2019;8(9):1497. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8091497

68. Zhiyun L., Tao J., Zengwu S. Meta-analysis of high-energy extracorporeal shock wave therapy in recalcitrant plantar fasciitis. Swiss Med. Wkly. 2013;143:w13825. https://doi.org/10.4414/smw.2013.13825

69. Yin M.C., Ye J., Yao M., Cui X.J., Xia Y., Shen Q.X., Tong Z.Y., Wu X.Q., Ma J.M., Mo W. Is extracorporeal shock wave therapy clinical efficacy for relief of chronic, recalcitrant plantar fasciitis? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized placebo or active-treatment controlled trials. Arch Phys. Med. Rehabil. 2014;95(8):1585–1593. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2014.01.033

70. Moretti B., Garofalo R., Patella V., Sisti G.L., Corrado M., Mouhsine E. Extracorporeal shock wave therapy in runners with a symptomatic heel spur. Knee Surg. Sports Traumatol. Arthrosc. 2006;14(10):1029–1032. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-005-0025-2

71. Rompe J.D., Decking J., Schoellner C., Nafe B. Shock wave application for chronic plantar fasciitis in running athletes. A prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Am. J. Sports Med. 2003;31(2):268–275. https://doi.org/10.1177/03635465030310021901

72. Белоногов В.Н., Киреев С.И., Киреев С.Н., Семенов Н.С. Применение ударно-волновой терапии в комплексном лечении плантарного фасциита. Саратовский научно-медицинский журнал. 2019;15(4):858–861.

73. Вихлянцев В.А., Кобелев М.В., Шаповалова Е.М. Механизм клинической эффективности радиального ударно-волнового метода в лечении плантарного фасциита. Медицинская наука и образование Урала. 2020;21(2):84–86. https://doi.org/10.36361/1814-8999-2020-21-2-84-86

74. Dos Santos S.A., Sampaio L.M., Caires J.R., Fernandes G.H.C., Marsico A., Serra A.J., Leal-Junior E.C., de Carvalho P.T.C. Parameters and Effects of Photobiomodulation in Plantar Fasciitis: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review. Photobiomodul. Photomed. Laser Surg. 2019;37(6):327–335. https://doi.org/10.1089/photob.2018.4588

75. Москвин С.В., Мазуркевич Е.А. Лазерная терапия больных подошвенным (плантарным) фасциитом (обзор литературы). Вестник новых медицинских технологий. 2017;11(3):203–210. https://doi.org/10.12737/article_596c5d6e81b103.69107662

76. Wang W., Jiang W., Tang C., Zhang X., Xiang J. Clinical efficacy of low-level laser therapy in plantar fasciitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine. 2019;98:e14088. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000014088

77. Mendes A.A.M.T., Silva H.J.A., Costa A.R.A., Pinheiro Y.T., Lins C.A.A., de Souza M.C. Main types of insoles described in the literature and their applicability for musculoskeletal disorders of the lower limbs: A systematic review of clinical studies. J. Bodyw. Mov. Ther. 2020;24(4):29–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbmt.2020.06.001

78. Schuitema D., Greve C., Postema K., Dekker R., Hijmans J.M. Effectiveness of Mechanical Treatment for Plantar Fasciitis: A Systematic Review. J. Sport Rehabil. 2019;29(5):657–674. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2019-0036

79. Rasenberg N., Riel H., Rathleff M.S., Bierma-Zeinstra S.M.A., van Middelkoop M. Efficacy of foot orthoses for the treatment of plantar heel pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br. J. Sports Med. 2018;52(16):1040–1046. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2017-097892

80. Hawke F., Burns J., Radford J.A., du Toit V. Custom-made foot orthoses for the treatment of foot pain. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2008;(3):CD006801. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD006801.pub2

81. Healy A., Farmer S., Pandyan A., Chockalingam N. A systematic review of randomised controlled trials assessing effectiveness of prosthetic and orthotic interventions. PLoS One. 2018;13(3):e0192094. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0192094

82. Podolsky R., Kalichman L. Taping for plantar fasciitis. J. Back Musculoskelet. Rehabil. 2015;28(1):1–6. https://doi.org/10.3233/BMR-140485

83. van de Water A.T., Speksnijder C.M. Efficacy of taping for the treatment of plantar fasciosis: a systematic review of controlled trials. J. Am. Podiatr. Med. Assoc. 2010;100(1):41–51. https://doi.org/10.7547/1000041

84. Huffer D., Hing W., Newton R., Clair M. Strength training for plantar fasciitis and the intrinsic foot musculature: A systematic review. Phys. Ther. Sport. 2017;24:44–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ptsp.2016.08.008

85. Lee J.H., Park J.H., Jang W.Y. The effects of hip strengthening exercises in a patient with plantar fasciitis: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore). 2019;98(26):e16258. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000016258

86. Siriphorn A., Eksakulkla S. Calf stretching and plantar fascia-specific stretching for plantar fasciitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Bodyw. Mov. Ther. 2020;24(4):222–232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbmt.2020.06.013

87. Sweeting D., Parish B., Hooper L., Chester R. The effectiveness of manual stretching in the treatment of plantar heel pain: a systematic review. J. Foot Ankle Res. 2011;4:19. https://doi.org/10.1186/1757-1146-4-19

88. Woitzik E., Jacobs C., Wong J.J., Côté P., Shearer H.M., Randhawa K., et al. The effectiveness of exercise on recovery and clinical outcomes of soft tissue injuries of the leg, ankle, and foot: A systematic review by the Ontario Protocol for Traffic Injury Management (OPTIMa) Collaboration. Man. Ther. 2015;20(5):633–645. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.math.2015.03.012

89. Brantingham J.W., Bonnefin D., Perle S.M., Cassa T.K., Globe G., Pribicevic M., Hicks M., Korporaal C. Manipulative therapy for lower extremity conditions: update of a literature review. J. Manipulative Physiol. Ther. 2012;35(2):127–166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmpt.2012.01.001

90. Piper S., Shearer H.M., Côté P., Wong J.J., Yu H., Varatharajan S., et al. The effectiveness of soft-tissue therapy for the management of musculoskeletal disorders and injuries of the upper and lower extremities: A systematic review by the Ontario Protocol for Traffic Injury management (OPTIMa) collaboration. Man. Ther. 2016;21:18–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.math.2015.08.011

91. Fraser J.J., Corbett R., Donner C., Hertel J. Does manual therapy improve pain and function in patients with plantar fasciitis? A systematic review. J. Man. Manip. Ther. 2018;26(2):55–65. https://doi.org/10.1080/10669817.2017.1322736

92. Mischke J.J., Jayaseelan D.J., Sault J.D., Emerson Kavchak A.J. The symptomatic and functional effects of manual physical therapy on plantar heel pain: a systematic review. J. Man. Manip. Ther. 2017;25(1):3–10. https://doi.org/10.1080/10669817.2015.1106818

93. Reeves K.D., Sit R.W.S., Rabago D.P. Dextrose prolotherapy: a narrative review of basic science, clinical research, and best treatment recommendations. Phys. Med. Rehabil. Clin. N. Am. 2016;27(4):783–823. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmr.2016.06.001

94. Distel L.M., Best T.M. Prolotherapy: a clinical review of its role in treating chronic musculoskeletal pain. PM&R. 2011;3:S78–S81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmrj.2011.04.003

95. Lai W.F., Yoon C.H., Chiang M.T., Hong Y.-H., Chen H.‑C., Song W., Chin Y.P.H. The effectiveness of dextrose prolotherapy in plantar fasciitis: A systemic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2021;100(51):e28216. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000028216

96. Середа А.П., Мойсов А.А., Сметанин С.М. Плантарный фасциит: диагностика и лечение. Байкальский медицинский журнал. 2016;143(4):5–9.

97. Malahias M.A., Cantiller E.B., Kadu V.V., Müller S. The clinical outcome of endoscopic plantar fascia release: A current concept review. Foot Ankle Surg. 2020;26(1):19–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fas.2018.12.006

98. Резник Л.Б., Ерофеев С.А., Силантьев В.Н., Турушев М.А., Кузнецов Н.К. Современное состояние проблемы хирургического лечения подошвенного фасциоза (обзор литературы). Гений ортопедии. 2018;24(4):515–520. https://doi.org/10.18019/1028-4427-2018-24-4-515-520

99. Saxena A. Uniportal endoscopic plantar fasciotomy: a prospective study on athletic patients. Foot Ankle Int. 2004;25(12):882–889. https://doi.org/10.1177/107110070402501207

100. Nielsen R.O., Rønnow L., Rasmussen S., Lind M. A prospective study on time to recovery in 254 injured novice runners. PLoS One. 2014;9(6):e99877. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0099877

101. Miller L.E., Latt D.L. Chronic Plantar Fasciitis is Mediated by Local Hemodynamics: Implications for Emerging Therapies. N. Am. J. Med. Sci. 2015;7(1):1–5. https://doi.org/10.4103/1947-2714.150080

102. Белякова А.М., Середа А.П., Самойлов А.С. Диагностика и лечение пяточной боли в клинической практике. Спортивная медицина: наука и практика. 2016;6(2):60–67. https://doi.org/10.17238/ISSN2223-2524.2016.2.60

103. Saxena A., Fullem B. Plantar fascia ruptures in athletes. Am. J. Sports Med. 2004;32(3):662–665. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546503261727