Влияние потребления шоколада на здоровье и результативность футболистов: систематический обзор

Цель исследования: Шоколад, известный своим обилием биоактивных флавоноидных соединений, обладает предполагаемой пользой как для спортсменов, так и для общей популяции. Тем не менее не существует систематического обзора литературы, подробно описывающего влияние потребления шоколада, особенно среди футболистов. Целью этого обзора было проанализировать эффекты потребления шоколада на футболистов.
Материалы и методы: систематический поиск исследований, соответствующих критериям включения, в соответствии с рекомендациями Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) проводился в базах данных Google Scholar, PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus, Embase и Web of Science с момента их создания до 1 апреля 2024 г. Найдено 48 статей, 9 исследований из которых соответствовали критериям включения.
Результаты: Потребление шоколада связано со снижением диастолического артериального давления, среднего артериального давления, уровня холестерина в плазме, липопротеинов низкой плотности (ЛПНП-Х), малонового диальдегида, уратов, количества тромбоцитов, среднего объема тромбоцитов и ширины распределения тромбоцитов, а также снижением проницаемости кишечника. Было обнаружено снижение концентрации сывороточных маркеров повреждения мышц, таких как креатинкиназа, лактатдегидрогеназа. Кроме того, потребление шоколада было связано с увеличением антиоксидантной активности, среднего ежедневного времени упражнений, частоты сердечных сокращений, времени до утомления, физической работоспособности и улучшением окислительно-восстановительного статуса, соотношения витамина Е и холестерола.
Заключение: Несмотря на ограниченное количество исследований, небольшие размеры выборок и наличие ограничений в каждом исследовании потребление шоколада имеет потенциал для улучшения спортивных результатов и восстановления у футболистов. При этом необходимы дальнейшие исследования для полного понимания масштаба этих эффектов.

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