Anthropometric parameters and component body composition of athletes in non-game sports

Objective: comparative estimation of anthropometric parameters and body composition of elite athletes, specialized in some non-playing sports – bobsleigh, biathlon, bullet shooting and snowboarding. Materials ant methods: anthropometric measurements and bioimpedance analysis of body composition of 180 women and men elite athletes at precompetitive period were held. Average age of surveyed men (n=107) was 21,7±0,8; women (n=73) – 23,1±1,5. Results: anthropometric data analysis indicated that athletes who engaged in bobsleigh, had the highest mass-height indicators (men: height – 183,4±5,27 cm, body mass – 89,5±8,17 kg; women: height – 172±4,71 cm, body mass – 70,3±7,19). Percent of athletes with exceed waist/ hip index (WHR) was higher among bobsledders. It was indicated, that athlete’s body composition differed from average non-athletes population standards. Average indicators of absolute muscle body mass (MBM) among studied men and women athletes who engaged in all four sports exceeded the average reference population values. What is more, it was finding that significant increase of this indicator was detected among men (48,5±5,14 kg) and women (36,9±6,67 kg) bobsledders that was typical for individuals with increased physical activity. The highest indicators of %MBM were registered in bobsleigh athletes of both sexes (men – 54,18%, women – 52,62%). Average values of absolute and relative amount of fat body mass (FBM) of shooters, bobsledders and snowboarders of both sexes were in limits of population standards; but men (7.91±1.5 kg; 11.51%) and women (9.0±1.77 kg; 15.83%) biathlonists had values below average due to specificity of this sport. Conclusions: significant differences in height-weight indicators and body mass index (BMI) of athletes involved in various non-playing sports were found. Also, features of the body component composition of athletes of various specializations were revealed: the lowest absolute indicators of fat body mass were found in biathlonists; the most pronounced muscle body mass indicators were observed in representatives of the bobsleigh. A pronounced correlation between some body composition indicators and anthropometric indexes of physical development was revealed: correlation of WHR, BMI and %FBM, mainly among shooters and bobsleighists; MBM indicator with extracellular liquid (Extra.F) and intracellular liquid (Intra.F) indicators. Also the prevailing majority of athletes had excess Intra.F: 1.03-1.63 times higher relative to the reference values of the population standard.

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