Assessment of the functional state of the cardiovascular system of individuals involved in physical education and sports

Abstract

Objective: evaluation of the hemodynamic characteristics of blood flow in athletes of youth age, engaged in cyclical and team sports. Materials and methods: a survey was conducted with the participation of athletes of the junior level (97 people), who were divided into 2 groups: 47 young men (age 12 [12; 13] years, min – 11 years; max – 14 years), who were professionally involved in ski racing (1st group) and a group of athletes involved in game sports (football players) (2nd group, n=50) (age was 12 [11; 13] years,min – 11 years; max – 14 years). The study evaluated the hemodynamic characteristics of the blood flow (systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, minute volume of blood flow, cardiac index) and echocardioscopy. Results: the differences between the groups of skiers and football players have been proved: AD syst. (102 [88; 111] and 109 [94; 122], p <0.05 by the MannWhitney test), BP. Diast.(68 [59; 69] and 77 [64; 82], p <0.05 for the Mann-Whitney test), as well as the IOC (5.71 [4.38; 8.83] and 5.09 [3, 84; 7.84], p <0.05 by the Mann-Whitney test). In an echocardioscopic study, the analysis showed the following differences: the diameter of the pulmonary artery in skiers was 1.87 [1.78, 1.9] cm and 1.94 [1.9, 1.97] cm in football players. At the same time, the maximum pressure gradient in the descending aorta (PGf.) was 9.88 [9.24; 10.22] mm Hg. and 8.9 [8.16; 9.25] mm Hg. accordingly (p <0.05 by the Mann-Whitney test). Conclusions: as a result, athletes involved in cyclic sports have a high degree of adaptation of the cardiovascular system to physical stress compared to athletes involved in game sports.