Improving the indicators of schoolchildren’s adaptation to physical activity using an individual approach, taking into account the types of vegetative regulation

Purpose: physiological substantiation of the physical activity selection based on the differences in the functional state of schoolchildren with different types of cardiovascular system autonomic regulation.

Methods: 60 schoolchildren, 12 years old, were examined. The experimental group consisted of schoolchildren who were engaged in physical exercises for 6 months according to the developed individual typological program. Students in the control group followed the school programm. The assessment of the functional state was carried out by the method of “Express assessment of the physical health of schoolchildren” and the method of diagnosing indicators of heart rate variability.

Results: at the beginning of the survey, the indicators in the experimental group and the control group were determined by the characteristics of 4 types of autonomic regulation: I, II, III, IV. Of these, I, II corresponded to the predominance of sympathetic-tonic destabilizing influences on the cardiovascular system, in IV parasympathetic influences prevailed, manifested in the asthenia of the functional state of students. Whereas type III refers to the physiological norm and manifested itself in the form of a balance of regulatory influences of the parts of the autonomic nervous system.

Conclusions: at the control examination, the indicators of adaptation and health improved in all types of schoolchildren, while in the control group there was no positive dynamics of indicators of adaptation and health. This testifies to the effectiveness of individually typologically oriented classes at a physical education lesson as having a health-improving effect on schoolchildren.

1. Agadzhanyan N.A., Tsaturian L.Д., Kuvandykova R.H. Features of Vegetative Regulation of Heart Rhythm, Peripheral Blood and Hormonal Profile in Adolescents of Stavropol Region: Ethnophysiological Aspects. Ekologiya cheloveka = Human Ecology. 2015;22(8):26–31 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17816/humeco17005

2. Baevskii R.M. Concept of Physiological Norm and Criteria of Health. Rossiiskii fiziologicheskii zhurnal = Russian Journal of Physiology. 2003;89(4):473–489 (In Russ.).

3. Bocharova I.A., Ageyeva E.S. Adaptation of Cardiovascular System to Regular Exercise. Vestnik Khakasskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta im. N.F. Katanova. 2015;(12):24–26 (In Russ.).

4. Ushakov A.S., Kleshchenkova N.E., Nenasheva A.V., Astakhov S.I., Ryabina K.E. Heart Rate Variability in Learning Process in Healthy Schoolgirls Not Doing Sports. Teoriya i praktika fizicheskoi kul’tury = Theory and Practice of Physical Culture. 2016;(3):20–22 (In Russ.).

5. Ryabova I.V., Philippova S.N., Alekseeva S.I., Sobolevskaya T.A., Chernogorov D.N. Adaptation and Regulatory Systems in Primary Schoolchildren. Chelovek. Sport. Meditsina = Human. Sport. Medicine. 2021;20(4):55–61 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.14529/hsm200406

6. Demidov V.A., Mavliyev F.A., Sosnov N.V. Медленно волновые характеристики вариабельности показателей кардиогемодинамики у лиц юношеского возраста. Vestnik Yuzhno-Ural’skogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya: Obrazovanie, zdravookhranenie, fizicheskaya kul’tura = Bulletin of the South Ural State University. Series “Education, health care, physical education”. 2012;28:36–39 (In Russ.).

7. Dobrin A.V. Heart Rate Variability Data to Rate 7-8 Year-Olds’ Physical Education Process Efficiency. Teoriya i praktika fizicheskoi kul’tury = Theory and Practice of Physical Culture. 2018;(8):28–30 (In Russ.).

8. Klyuchnikov S.O., Gnetneva E.S. Vegetative changes and their correction in children. Voprosy prakticheskoi pediatrii = Clinical Practice in Pediatrics. 2009;4(4):82–87 (In Russ.).

9. Kolomiyets О.I., Bykov Е.V. Heart rate variability during adaptation to physical activity of different profile. Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta. 2014;(12):98–103 (In Russ.).

10. Krivolapchuk I.A. The effectiveness of the use of physical exercises to optimize the functional state of children at the stages of quantitative and qualitative transformations in the activity of physiological systems. Physiology of human development: materials of the international conference, section 4 (Moscow, June 22–24, 2009). Moscow: Verdana Publ.; 2009, p. 50–51 (In Russ.).

11. Nikulina A.V., Kozlov V.A., Shukanov A.A. Changes in Heart Rate Variability as a Reflection of Implemented Physiological Mechanisms of Adaptation. Chelovek. Sport. Meditsina = Human. Sport. Medicine. 2017;17(4):14–20 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.14529/hsm170402

12. Shibkova D.Z., Baiguzhin P.A., Erlikh V.V., Batueva A.E., Sabiryanova E.S. Selection and biomedical support for gifted children simultaneously involved in education and sports. Science for Education Today. 2020;10(5):196–210. https://doi.org/10.15293/2658-6762.2005.11

13. Polyakov S.D., Khrushchev S.V., Sobolev A.M. Computer technologies for the physical health monitoring of schoolchildren. Fizkul’tura v profilaktike, lechenii i reabilitatsii [Physical education in prevention, treatment and rehabilitation]. 2004;(4):4–8 (In Russ.).

14. Krylova A.V., Sitdikov F.G., Anikina T.A., Zverev A.A. Response of Sympathoadrenal System of Boys to a Dosed Physical Load. Nauka i sport: sovremennye tendentsii = Science and Sport: current trends. 2019;22(1):60–66 (In Russ.).

15. Semenov Yu.N. Complex for processing cardiointervals and heart rate variability analysis “Varicard 2.51”. Ryazan: Ramena Publ.; 2014 (In Russ.).

16. Sinyak E.D. Influence of a physical culture lesson on heart rate variability in children of primary school age at the beginning and at the end of the school year [dissertation]. Kazan: Kazan State Pedagogical University; 2003 (In Russ.).

17. Grigor’eva O.V., Sitdikov F.G., Samigullin G.Kh. Age-related characteristics of weekly dynamics of the functional state of young schoolchildren. Human Physiology. 2000;26(6):752–754 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026610220635

18. Kolpakov V., Tomilova E., Strizhak N., Krivoshchekov S., Bespalova T. Typological Variability of Psychophysiological Features in Schoolchildren for Prognosing Success in Sports and Health Enhancement Activities. Chelovek. Sport. Meditsina = Human. Sport. Medicine. 2020;19(S2):7–17 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.14529/hsm19s201

19. Shlyk N.I. Heart rate and type of regulation in children, adolescents and athletes. Izhevsk: Udmurt State University; 2009 (In Russ.).

20. Makivić B., Nikić M.D., Willis M.S. Heart Rate Variability (HRV) as a Tool for Diagnostic and Monitoring Performance in Sport and Physical Activities. Journal of Exercise Physiology Online. 2013;16(3):103–131.

21. Plews D.J., Laursen P.B., Le Meur Y., Hausswirth C., Kilding A.E., Buchheit M. Monitoring training with heart-rate variability: How much compliance is needed for valid assessment? Int. J. Sports Physiol. Perform. 2014;9 (5):783–790. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2013-0455

22. Plews D.J., Laursen P.B., Kilding A.E., Buchheit M. Evaluating training adaptation with heart-rate measures: A methodological comparison. Int. J. Sports Physiol. Perform. 2013;8(6):688–691. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.8.6.688

23. Douglas J., Plews D.J., Handcock P.J., Rehrer N.J. The Beneficial Effect of Parasympathetic Reactivation on Sympathetic Drive During Simulated Rugby Sevens. Int. J. Sports Physiol. Perform. 2016;11(4):480–488. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2015-0317