Differentiated approach to diagnosing predisposition to musculoskeletal sports injuries

Objective: to study the phenotypic feature spectrum in young people with musculoskeletal re-injury depending on the injury type.

Materials and methods. 538 individuals engaged in physical culture and amateur sports were examined at the Sechenov University clinical bases in accordance with the clinical recommendations of the Russian National Society for the Study of Connective Tissue Disorders. The average age of the examined individuals was 23,50 [19,00; 27,00] years. Depending on the presence of repeated sports musculoskeletal injuries, two comparison groups were formed, corresponding to each other by sex and age. Subgrouping by injury type made it possible to identify their characteristic dysplastic phenotypes.

Results. The high prevalence and significant expression of dysplastic manifestations among young people involved in physical education and amateur sports were established. The dysplastic sign accumulation is associated with an increased risk of musculoskeletal re-injury. As dysplastic signs accumulate, first there is the readiness for ligamentous-capsular structure re-injury, significantly higher values of the dysplastic re-injury threshold were observed in cases of readiness for subluxations or dislocations, and this indicator reached its maximum in cases of readiness for bone fractures. Dysplastic phenotypes of predisposition to each injury type had their own distinctive markers, which can serve as a basis for developing an algorithm for screening young people wishing to engage in physical culture and sports.

Conclusions. Developing tools for express diagnosis of predisposition to re-injury will allow, within the limited time of medical examination, to identify among youth risk groups for certain injury types that require a personalized approach to selecting the sports activity type and training regimens.

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