Purpose of the study: This study used the meta-analysis method to systematically evaluate and compare the intervention effects of HIIT (high-intensity interval training) and MICT (moderate-intensity continuous training) on blood lipid metabolism in obese female college students.

Methods: Publicly published controlled trials on regulating blood lipids with high-intensity interval training were searched through CNKI, Web of science, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Elibrary databases. Meta-analysis was performed on the outcome indicators of 427 subjects in the 7 included articles.

Results: Among the included literature, the number of articles reporting blood lipid health outcomes were: 6 articles for TC, 7 articles for TG, 7 articles for LDL-C, and 5 articles for HDL-C. Studies investigating the effects of HIIT on TC, TG, LDL-C, and HDL-C exhibited low heterogeneity; therefore, a fixed-effects model was used. HIIT significantly improved TC (SMD = -0.71, I² = 30.10 %, 95 % CI: -1.05 to -0.38, p = 0.21), TG (SMD = -0.46, I² = 38.48 %, 95 % CI: -0.77 to -0.16, p = 0.14), LDL-C (SMD = -0.33, I² = 6.13 %, 95 % CI: -0.58 to -0.09, p = 0.38), and HDL-C (SMD = 0.23, I² = 2.28 %, 95 % CI: -0.07 to 0.53, p = 0.38).

Conclusion: Compared with MICT, intervention through HIIT training in female college students can effectively improve blood lipid-related indicators such as TC, TG, LDL-C, and HDL-C. This finding can provide theoretical and practical basis for exercise intervention in the physical and mental health development of female college students. However, the study also has some limitations. Due to the constraints of the number of included studies and the complexity of HIIT exercise protocols, the above conclusions still need to be verified by more high-quality RCT to ensure the reliability and applicability of the findings.

The aim: of the study was to conduct a systematic search and generalize the results of randomized controlled trials assessing the effect of caffeine on the performance of combat athletes.

Materials and methods: the study was conducted according to PRISMA, and PRISMA-P. Literature searches without date and language restrictions were performed in the following databases: PubMed, Cochrane Library, Epistemonikos, and eLIBRARY.RU. Meta-analysis and meta-regression analysis were used as statistical methods.

Results: we identified 218 studies from the search, of which 24 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the systematic review. A total of 16 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The results of the meta-analysis showed no effect of caffeine on the results of the special judo test, rate of perceived exertion, speed-strength indicators (Wingate anaerobic test), jump power and height, strength endurance in the special judo test, special judo test index, as well as the total number of throws and throws in the second attempt. The meta-analysis demonstrated a positive effect of caffeine on the results of various taekwondo specific tests and on the number of throws in the first and third attempts of the special judo test. When assessing physiological responses, no differences in peak heart rate were observed. A statistically significant increase in peak blood lactate values was demonstrated after simulated fights.

Conclusion: caffeine consumption does not have a significant effect on improving overall physical performance, as well as on performance-related indicators and cardiac activity in combat athletes. However, it is possible that caffeine may have a positive effect on some specific indicators in this group of athletes.

Purpose of the study: Jump landings after spike and block jumps in volleyball are among the primary contributors to lower limb injuries, particularly involving the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). Understanding kinematic differences between these two common landing scenarios can enhance injury prevention strategies. The purpose of this study is to investigate the differences in lower limb landing kinematics between spike and block jumps, as well as between the dominant and non-dominant legs, in professional volleyball players.

Methods: Twenty-seven elite male volleyball players performed spike and block jumps over a standard net (2.43 m). Three-dimensional lower limb joint angles at initial contact (IC) were recorded using a motion capture system (200 Hz) synchronized with force plates (1000 Hz). Jump height was also measured. Paired t-tests compared joint angles between spike and block landings and between dominant and non-dominant legs (p ≤ 0.05).

Results: Spike jumps resulted in significantly higher jump heights compared to block jumps (p = 0.002). At initial contact, spike landings demonstrated significantly less knee and hip flexion, greater ankle plantarflexion, and a higher degree of non-dominant knee valgus compared to block landings. No significant inter-limb differences were found during block landings; however, spike landings showed significant asymmetries, with the non-dominant leg exhibiting riskier knee alignment and reduced flexion compared to the dominant leg.

Conclusion: Spike landings involve biomechanically riskier patterns than block landings, particularly in the non-dominant leg, potentially elevating ACL injury risk. Coaches should emphasize balanced lower-limb strength, enhanced knee and hip flexion during landing, and targeted neuromuscular training to mitigate these landing asymmetries.