Objective: to study the phenotypic feature spectrum in young people with musculoskeletal re-injury depending on the injury type.

Materials and methods. 538 individuals engaged in physical culture and amateur sports were examined at the Sechenov University clinical bases in accordance with the clinical recommendations of the Russian National Society for the Study of Connective Tissue Disorders. The average age of the examined individuals was 23,50 [19,00; 27,00] years. Depending on the presence of repeated sports musculoskeletal injuries, two comparison groups were formed, corresponding to each other by sex and age. Subgrouping by injury type made it possible to identify their characteristic dysplastic phenotypes.

Results. The high prevalence and significant expression of dysplastic manifestations among young people involved in physical education and amateur sports were established. The dysplastic sign accumulation is associated with an increased risk of musculoskeletal re-injury. As dysplastic signs accumulate, first there is the readiness for ligamentous-capsular structure re-injury, significantly higher values of the dysplastic re-injury threshold were observed in cases of readiness for subluxations or dislocations, and this indicator reached its maximum in cases of readiness for bone fractures. Dysplastic phenotypes of predisposition to each injury type had their own distinctive markers, which can serve as a basis for developing an algorithm for screening young people wishing to engage in physical culture and sports.

Conclusions. Developing tools for express diagnosis of predisposition to re-injury will allow, within the limited time of medical examination, to identify among youth risk groups for certain injury types that require a personalized approach to selecting the sports activity type and training regimens.

Aim: identify the characteristics of cardiac remodeling in athletes specializing in different disciplines within the same sport.

Materials and methods: The results of medical examinations of 1514 athletes (865 men and 649 women) from seven sports, divided into disciplines, were analyzed. The main parameters for comparison were echocardiographic indicators: end-diastolic dimension index (EDDI), end-diastolic volume index (EDVI), left ventricular mass index (LVMI), and stroke index (SI).

Results: Statistically significant differences in all studied indicators (p < 0.05) were found between cycling disciplines in men: track (sprint) and track (endurance), track (sprint) and road, respectively. Differences were found between indoor volleyball and beach volleyball for all studied indicators (p < 0.05), except for LVMI in men (p = 0.343) and SI in women (p = 0.062). In speed skating, the echocardiographic indicators of male sprinters and long-distance skaters did not differ (p > 0.05), while in women, differences were found in the indicators of EDDI, ESDI, and LVMI (p < 0.05). For snowboarding, no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) were found in the studied parameters between disciplines for both sexes. Statistically significant differences were found in the EDDI of foil and sabre fencers (p = 0.009), as well as in the EDDI of single skating and ice dancing athletes (p = 0.005). A comparison of freestyle disciplines revealed differences only in the indicators of EDDI and ESDI when comparing acrobatics and ski cross for men (p = 0.001 for EDDI; p < 0.001 for ESDI), ski cross and halfpipe/slopestyle for women (p = 0.001 for EDDI; p = 0.003 for ESDI).

Conclusion: The type of exercise affects the characteristics of myocardial remodeling even within the same sport. At the same time, gender differences can determine the characteristics of cardiac adaptation with the same type of exercise. A comparative analysis of these factors provides a basis for reference values for the morphofunctional characteristics of the heart depending on the discipline within a single sport.

The aim: to develop and test an objective technique for monitoring the performance of compulsory elements in aesthetic gymnastics for highly qualified athletes using software based on digital biomechanical analysis

Material and methods: The study involved gymnasts from the «Amuazh» team (n = 8), Russian Masters of Sports aged 19 to 22. The «KimeoPro» software was used to analyze the angular parameters during the performance of isolated, combined balances and jumps. The software allowed for accurate measurement of the amplitude of movements and temporal parameters. The obtained data were processed statistically with calculation of arithmetic means (x̄) and standard deviations ( ± m).

Results: It has been established that the average group indicators of angular values in qualified gymnasts significantly exceed the regulatory requirements of the competition rules. For example, the amplitude in lateral balance was 197.25 ± 1.57° (with a norm of 180°), the inclination of the trunk was 58.55 ± 0.66° (with a norm of 45°). The amplitude of the "pike" jump reached 237.51 ± 3.60°. The program allowed us to accurately measure the time of balance fixation (4 s) and evaluate the identity of the shape of elements in different athletes based on the angles in their joints.

Conclusion: The use of the «KimeoPro» program ensures accuracy, reproducibility, and objectivity in assessing the technique of performing mandatory elements in aesthetic gymnastics, minimizing the subjective factor inherent in traditional visual control.

Purpose of the study: to determine the magnitude and type of the effects of hydrogen inhalation course on the work capacity and resting metabolic parameters of soccer players.

Materials and methods. The study was conducted on 26 soccer players who were divided into two groups: a control group (n = 12; 18.8 ± 0.35 years) and an experimental group (n = 14; 19.5 ± 0.45 years). The athletes corresponded to the stage of advanced sports mastery development. The players in the main group underwent 10 sessions of molecular hydrogen inhalation, each lasting 30 minutes. Work capacity was assessed using a test involving a continuous increase in workload on a treadmill. Resting metabolic rate and lactate concentration were also measured.

Results. Athletes in the experimental group demonstrated a significant increase in running speed at the anaerobic threshold by 11.57 % (p = 0.0015) compared with baseline values (before hydrogen inhalations), an increase in peak running speed by 6.58 % (p = 0.0005), an increase in oxygen uptake at the anaerobic threshold by 3.02 % (p = 0.0200), and a 20.66% reduction in maximal lactate concentration (p = 0.0107) during the treadmill test was observed. A trend toward an increase in maximal oxygen consumption (VO₂max) by 1.04 % (p = 0.0562) was also noted. No changes were observed in the control group during the twelve‑day period.

Conclusion: The experiment demonstrated that ten hydrogen inhalation sessions (5 sessions – 2 days break – 5 sessions), each lasting 30 minutes with an H₂ flow rate of 5600 ml/min, contribute to an increase in the physical performance capacity of soccer players.