Систематический обзор: Значимость плиометрических тренировок для функциональных показателей и минеральной плотности костной ткани у баскетболистов разных возрастных групп

Цель: Баскетбол требует всестороннего подхода к развитию игрока, включающего в себя навыки, физическую подготовку. Потенциал плиометрических тренировок для повышения спортивной результативности изучен недостаточно. Этот систематический обзор, проводимый в соответствии с рекомендациями PRISMA, анализирует разнообразные литературные источники, включающие здоровых спортсменов. Обзор исследует роль плиометрики для функциональных показателей и минеральной плотности костей у баскетболистов разных возрастных групп.

Методы: Был производен поиск в электронных базах данных PubMed, ScienceDirect и ResearchGate в период с 2013 года по июнь 2023 года. Изначально было выявлено 783 публикации. В исследование включались публикации на английском языке, фокусирующиеся на баскетболистах в возрасте от 8 до 28 лет и оценивающие влияние плиометрической тренировки на функциональные показатели с использованием количественных измерений. Сначала проводилась проверка по названиям и аннотациям, а затем был проведен анализ полных текстов статей для определения соответствия критериям включения.

Результаты: По результатам поиска в базе данных было найдено 26 публикаций, в основном рандомизированных контролируемых исследований, демонстрирующих значительные улучшения функциональных показателей при использовании плиометрических тренировок (4–36 недель, 2–3 раза в неделю). Оценивались взрывная сила ног, ловкость, спринтерская способность, мышечная сила и плотность костей. В исследованиях в основном изучались мужчины, но имелись исследования только среди женщин и без разделения по половому признаку. Результаты продемонстрировали статистически значимое положительное влияние плиометрических тренировок на все изучаемые показатели.

Заключение: Плиометрические тренировки улучшают ловкость, спринтерскую способность, силу ног, навыки баскетбола, а также плотность минералов в костях у игроков разных возрастных групп. Интеграция плиометрических тренировок эффективна для повышения спортивной результативности в баскетболе.

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