Метаанализ влияния высокоинтенсивных интервальных тренировок на улучшение липидного профиля у студенток

Цель исследования. Систематически оценить и сопоставить эффекты ВИИТ (высокоинтенсивных интервальных тренировок) и НСТСИ (непрерывных тренировок средней интенсивности) на липидный обмен у студенток с ожирением с помощью метаанализа.

Материалы и методы. Путем поиска в базах данных CNKI, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, Elibrary были отобраны опубликованные рандомизированные контролируемые испытания, посвященные влиянию ВИИТ на липидный профиль. Метаанализ включил данные 427 участниц из 7 исследований.

Результаты. Включенная литература содержала следующее количество статей с данными о показателях липидов крови: 6 статей по ОХ (общий холестерин), 7 статей по ТГ (триглицериды), 7 статей по ЛПНП и 5 статей по ЛПВП. Исследования влияния ВИИТ на ОХ, ТГ, ЛПНП и ЛПВП показали низкую неоднородность, поэтому использовалась модель фиксированных эффектов. ВИИТ достоверно улучшил: ОХ (SMD = -0,71; I² = 30,10 %; 95 % ДИ: от -1,05 до -0,38; p = 0,21), ТГ (SMD = -0,46; I² = 38,48 %; 95 % ДИ: от -0,77 до -0,16; p = 0,14), ЛПНП (SMD = -0,33; I² = 6,13 %; 95 % ДИ: от -0,58 до -0,09; p = 0,38), ЛПВП (SMD = 0,23; I² = 2,28 %; 95 % ДИ: от -0,07 до 0,53; p = 0,38).

Заключение. По сравнению с НСТСИ, интервенция с использованием тренировок ВИИТ у студенток позволяет эффективно улучшить показатели крови, связанные с липидами, такие как TC, TG, LDL-C и HDL-C. Это открытие может служить теоретической и практической основой для физической интервенции в развитии физического и психического здоровья студенток. Однако исследование имеет некоторые ограничения. Из-за ограничений, связанных с количеством включенных исследований и сложностью протоколов тренировок ВИИТ, вышеуказанные выводы все еще требуют проверки с помощью большего количества высококачественных рандомизированных контролируемых испытаний (RCT) для обеспечения надежности и применимости полученных результатов.

1. Zhu Z., Wu F., Lu Y., Wang Z., Zang J., Yu H., et al. The Association of Dietary Cholesterol and Fatty Acids with Dyslipidemia in Chinese Metropolitan Men and Women. Nutrients. 2018;10(08):961. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10080961

2. Deng X., Zhang M., Zhang X., Huang Z., Zhao Z., Li C., Mudoti N.G., Wang L., Wu J. The Status of Blood Lipids Among Children and Adolescents — China, 2016–2017. China CDC Weekly. 2023;5(2):31–34. https://doi.org/10.46234/ccdcw2023.006

3. Jia Na, Huang Cheng, Xia Chenxi. The effect of exercise training on lipid profile. Chinese Circulation Journal, 2023;38(1):96–100. (In Chinese). https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-3614.2023.01.012

4. Alfhili M.A., Alsughayyir J., Basudan A.M., Ghneim H.K., Alfaifi M., Alamri H.S., Awan Z.A., Algethami M.R. Patterns of Dyslipidemia in the Anemic and Nonanemic Hypertensive Saudi Population: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int. J. Gen. Med. 2022;15:7895–7906. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJGM.S379597

5. du Souich P., Roederer G., Dufour R. Myotoxicity of statins: Mechanism of action. Pharmac. Ther. 2017;175:1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.02.029

6. Björnsson E.S. Hepatotoxicity of statins and other lipid-lowering agents. Liver International, 2017;37(02):173–178. https://doi.org/10.1111/liv.13308

7. Armitage J., Bowman L., Wallendszus K., Bulbulia R., Rahimi K., Haynes R., et al. Intensive lowering of LDL cholesterol with 80 mg versus 20 mg simvastatin daily in 12 064 survivors of myocardial infarction: a double-blind randomised trial. Lancet. 2010;376(9753):1658. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60310-8

8. Suder A., Makiel K., Targosz A., Maciejczyk M., Kosowski P., Haim A. Exercise-induced effects on asprosin and indices of atherogenicity and insulin resistance in males with metabolic syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. Sci. Rep. 2024;14(1):985. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-51473-1

9. Ben-Zeev T., Okun E. High-Intensity Functional Training: Molecular Mechanisms and Benefits. Neuromolecular Med. 2021;23(3):335–338. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12017-020-08638-8

10. Wisloff Ulrik, Ellingsen Oyvind, Kemi Ole J. High-Intensity Interval Training to Maximize Cardiac Benefits of Exercise Training? Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev. 2009;37(03):139–146. https://doi.org/10.1097/JES.0b013e3181aa65fc

11. Atakan M.M., Li Y., Koşar Ş.N., Turnagöl H.H., Yan X. Evidence-Based Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training on Exercise Capacity and Health: A Review with Historical Perspective. Int. J. Environ. Res Public Health. 2021;18(13):7201. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18137201

12. Hargreaves M., Spriet L.L. Skeletal Muscle Energy Metabolism During Exercise. Nat. Metab. 2020;2(9):990. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42255-020-00290-7

13. Gibala M.J., Jones A.M. Physiological and performance adaptations to high-intensity interval training. Nestle Nutr. Inst. Workshop Ser. 2013;76:51–60. https://doi.org/10.1159/000350256

14. Lin Jian, Zhao Hongqin, Huang Xiongang, Liu Xiaolin, Zhang Rui. Seffect of High Intensity Interval Training on the Body Composition. Blood Lipid and Fasting Insulin Level of Obese Female College Students. Chinese General Practice. 2016;19(18):2139–2144. (In Chinese). https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1007-9572.2016.18.006

15. Chi Guijun, Liu Yuanyuan, Han Dong, Liang Yiwei, Sun Jianli. A Study on the interaction Effect of High Intensity Cycle Training (HICT) on Obese Female College Students in Normal Universities. Journal of Tangshan Normal University. 2023;45(3):79–83. Available at: https://cstj.cqvip.com/Qikan/Article/Detail?id=7110131307. (In Chinese).

16. Liu Chaohui, Pang Yajun, Meng Huili, Jiao Jie. Effect of sedentary interval intervention on body composition and blood lipid metabolism of obese female college student. Chinese Journal of School Health. 2023,44(8):1140–1144. (In Chinese). https://doi.org/10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.08.005

17. Cai Xiaolin. Impacts of High-Intensity Interval Training on Body Composition of Female University Students. Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte. 2023;29:e2023_0053. https://doi.org/10.1590/1517-8692202329012023_0053

18. Lu Y., Wiltshire H.D., Baker J.S., Wang Q., Ying S. The Effect of Tabata-Style Functional High-Intensity Interval Training on Cardiometabolic Health and Physical Activity in Female University Students. Front. Physiol. 2023;14:1095315. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2023.1095315

19. Wang Peng, Liu Baoliang, Liu Yan, Jiang Di. Effects of different intensity of exercise combined with dietary intervention on body composition, lipid metabolism and gut microbiota in obese nonalcoholic fatty liver disease female college students oholic fatty liver disease female college students. Chinese Journal of School Health. 2023;44(8):1169–1173. Available at: https://med.wanfangdata.com.cn/Paper/Detail?id=PeriodicalPaper_zgxxws202308013&dbid=WF_QK. (In Chinese).

20. Liu Juan, Lu Wenjuan, Liu Fuding. Effects of a Low-Calorie Diet Combined With High-Intensity Interval Training on Body Composition, Glycolipid Metabolism and Cardiopulmonary Function in Female Overweight College Students. Practical Preventive Medicine. 2025;32(4):448–452. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-3110.2025.04.014

21. O’Donovan G., Blazevich A.J., Boreham C., Cooper A.R., Crank H., Ekelund U., et al. The ABC of physical activity for health: a consensus statement from the British Association of Sport and Exercise Sciences. J. Sports Sci. 2010;28(6):573–591. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640411003671212

22. Dubonosova S.V. Reasons for sports discontinuation: a retrospective analysis of the physical activity in medical students. Sports medicine: research and practice. 2023;13(1):21–27. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.47529/2223-2524.2023.1.3

23. Wu C.H., Zhao Y.D., Yin F.Q., Yi Y., Geng L., Xu X. Mental Fatigue and Sports Performance of Athletes: Theoretical Explanation, Influencing Factors, and Intervention Methods. Behav. Sci. (Basel). 2024;14(12):1125. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14121125

24. Plizga J., Jaworski A., Grajnert F., Gluszczyk A., Surma A., Cecot J., et al. High-Intensity Interval Training - health benefits and risks - literature review. Quality in Sport. 2024;18:53359. https://doi.org/10.12775/QS.2024.18.53359

25. Poon E.T., Siu P.M., Wongpipit W., Gibala M., Wong S.H., et al. Alternating high-intensity interval training and continuous training is efficacious in improving cardiometabolic health in obese middle-aged men. J. Exerc. Sci. Fit. 2022;20(1):40–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesf.2021.11.003

26. Tormaa F., Gombosa Z., Jokaia M., Takeda M., Mimura T., Radak Z. High intensity interval training and molecular adaptive response of skeletal muscle. Sports Med. Health Sci. 2019;1(1):24–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smhs.2019.08.003

27. Boutcher S.H. High-Intensity Intermittent Exercise and Fat Loss. J. Obes. 2011;868305. https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/868305

28. Talanian J.L., Galloway S.D., Heigenhauser G.J., Bonen A., Spriet L.L. Two weeks of high-intensity aerobic interval training increases the capacity for fat oxidation during exercise in women. J. Appl. Physiol. 2007;102(4):1439–1447. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01098.2006

29. Li Yu, Chang Mengmeng, Liu Yang. Re-recognition of fat burning in exercise: research progress on fat-reducing mechanism of HIIT. Chinese Bulletin of Life Sciences. 2023;35(9):1120–1127. (In Chinese). https://doi.org/10.13376/j.cbls/2023123