The aim: to study the age dynamics of the cardiovascular system (CVS) indicators and autonomic homeostasis in young athletes aged 5–7 years with different types of autonomic regulation.

Materials and methods. The study involved 260 young athletes (hockey, football, artistic gymnastics, alpine skiing) aged 5–7 years. The examination included the measurement of heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), active orthostatic test with recording of rhythmocardiogram in the supine and standing positions. The type of autonomic regulation (AR) was determined according to the method of N. I. Shlyk.

Results. In athletes with normal AR (I and III), from 5 to 7 years of age, heart rate decreases (by 5–8 %), systolic and pulse blood pressure increase (by 5–14 %), diastolic blood pressure does not change, and autonomic reactivity to orthostasis increases at 7 years of age. In children with type I, the highest rates of autonomous (30.8–40.1 %) and the lowest rates of central regulation (11.2–19.8 %) in the prone position were recorded at 7 years of age, in athletes with type III — at 6 years of age (12.2–40.2 %). In athletes with dysregulatory types AR (II and IV) in the period from 5 to 7 years, the dynamics of blood pressure, on the contrary, is provided by an increase in diastolic blood pressure (by 7–8 %), vegetative reactivity to orthostasis increases at 6 years of age. Type II is characterized by the lowest activity of autonomous regulation at rest at the age of 6, and type IV is characterized by a directed decrease in the excessive activity of autonomous regulation from 5 to 7 years.

Conclusion. The type of AR is an additional criterion for the adaptation of a child’s body to training at the sports and health stage and for predicting the prospects of young athletes. The age of 6 for young athletes is a period of the greatest risk of developing abnormalities in the system of autonomic regulation of cardiac activity, with an increase in the frequency of dysregulatory types.

Objective. To identify common patterns, patterns of morbidity and risk factors for injury among Paralympic athletes in summer sports on the resultsof study morbidity and injury of Russian Paralympic athletes at the 2024 Summer Paralympic Games in Paris.

Materials and methods. Collection and analysis of data from medical protocols of doctors of the Russian national teams at the 2024 Paralympic Games in Paris, analysis of domestic and foreign literary sources.

Results. The registry of diseases included 37 nosologies in 28 (31 % of the total number) Paralympic athletes. Most of the diseases had an acute onset and successful resolution on the background of the treatment. The exacerbation of chronic diseases was associated with competition conditions and high levels of physical and psycho‑emotional stress. Among the diseases, there were 13 cases (35.1 %) of pathology of the musculoskeletal system, 10 cases (27 %) of infectious diseases of the upper respiratory tract, 4 cases (10.8 %) of digestive disorders, 6 cases (16.2 %) of disorders of the cardiovascular system, 3 cases (8.1%) of skin damage and 1 ear disease (2.7 %). 8 cases of sports injuries were registered: bruises — 4 cases (50 %), sprains — 3 cases (37.5 %), 1 fracture (12.5 %). In two cases, injuries led to restrictions in training activities, and in one case, to the termination of participation in competitions.

Conclusions. Morbidity and injury rates among Russian Paralympic athletes at the 2024 Summer Paralympics in Paris correspond to the general pattern of morbidity and injury rates at other Paralympic Games in similar disciplines. Therapeutic, restorative and preventive measures at the stages of preparation and participation in the Games contribute to reducing potential risk and preventing morbidity and injury. The analysis carried out can help develop strategies for the prevention of morbidity and sports injuries at major international competitions such as the Paralympic Games.

Purpose of the study: This study examined the immediate and long-term effects of anti-pronation insoles on gait characteristics in young adults with flexible flatfoot compared with healthy controls.

Methods: Twenty-four participants (12 flatfoot, 12 controls) underwent gait analysis under barefoot and shod conditions using a 3D motion system. The flatfoot group wore custom anti-pronation insoles during testing and continued daily use for six weeks. Spatiotemporal gait parameters were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and MANOVA.

Results: At baseline, the flatfoot group showed significant temporal differences, including prolonged opposite foot off and reduced single support duration (p < 0.05). Short-term insole use led to partial improvements, while post-intervention assessments demonstrated significant increases in step and stride length and normalization of stance-phase timing (p < 0.05). Cadence, walking speed, and step time remained unchanged.

Conclusion: Anti-pronation insoles produced both immediate and sustained improvements in gait timing and spatial characteristics in individuals with flexible flatfoot. Importantly, these benefits emerged not only after a single session but also following six weeks of use, underscoring the adaptive potential of long-term intervention. While gait velocity and cadence were unaffected, improvements in step and stride length and stance-phase dynamics suggest enhanced stability and efficiency. These findings support anti-pronation insoles as a conservative and clinically relevant strategy for restoring gait mechanics in individuals with flatfoot.

Modern orthotic insoles often fail to provide the necessary dynamic adaptation to the natural biomechanics of the foot. The rigid designs of traditional models limit physiologic mobility, which can lead to discomfort and progression of deformities. This determines the need to develop new solutions capable of adapting to the individual characteristics of the patient.

Purpose of the study — development of an orthopedic insole of a new design for rehabilitation of patients with different types of flat feet.

Materials and methods. The study was conducted using a comprehensive approach, including 3D modeling based on radiographic data, biomechanical analysis of load distribution, engineering calculations using CAD-systems, as well as clinical trials involving 163 patients. Podometrics, motiontracking and question2naire methods were used to evaluate the effectiveness.

Results. A fundamentally new orthopedic insole design was developed, including five metal guides and a system of dampers. Clinical trials showed that 98 % of patients reported improved walking comfort and 88.9 % improved foot stability. The design provides physiologic load distribution, reducing the impact on the joints and spine.

Conclusion. The results obtained confirm the promising application of this development in clinical practice. The development opens new opportunities in orthopedics, combining accurate anatomical support with dynamic correction of movements.

Purpose of the study: This study aims to analyze rosella flower extract supplementation on blood glucose levels after physical activity.

Methods: This experimental research uses a pre and post control group design. Subjects were selected using purposive sampling technique. A total of 20 healthy men aged 19–25 years participated in this study and were divided into two groups, namely group K1 with placebo and K2 with rosella flower extract at a dose of 500 mg. Data collection begins with collecting data on subject characteristics. Next, the subjects were asked to warm up and do physical activity in the form of running 2400 meters with moderate intensity. One hour after running 2400 meters, the subject took a pre-test blood draw to measure blood glucose levels. Then the samples were given supplementation intervention based on their respective groups, K1 by giving a placebo and K2 by giving rosella flower extract at a dose of 500 mg. 60 minutes after administering the supplementation intervention, the subject underwent a post-test blood draw.

Results: The results of this study showed that there was no decrease in blood sugar levels in either the control or treatment groups (p > 0.05).

Conclusion: It can be concluded that administering rosella flower extract after physical exercise does not have a significant effect on reducing postexercise blood glucose levels.

Relevance. In the context of the implementation of the global strategy of the World Health Organization to reduce the prevalence of physical inactivity, research aimed at studying the factors affecting the physical activity of students is becoming relevant.

The purpose of the study is to identify the relationship between self-assessment of physical activity and morphofunctional indicators among students with the development of scientifically based recommendations.

Materials and methods. The study involved 134 students (94 women and 40 men) born and living in the Republic of Karelia (18–22 years old). For a comprehensive examination, the following methods were used: questionnaires, measurement of body composition, functional diagnostics of the cardiovascular system, spirometry, hand dynamometry. Statistical data processing was performed using correlation analysis (Spearman’s criterion).

Results. Statistically significant correlations were revealed between the questionnaire questions “weekly volume of intensive physical exercises”, “type and intensity of sports, physical exercises that the student does in his free time” and indicators of the respiratory system, body composition and strength parameters. According to the results of the analysis, the key indicators of physical activity associated with positive physiological changes are its type and intensity.

Conclusion. The results obtained confirm the relationship between self-assessment of physical activity and morphofunctional indicators among students, and can be used to develop preventive programs in higher education in order to optimize physical education and wellness activities.

Purpose of the study: study of organization of sports training of young athletes with the aim of studying their psychological readiness for increased loads, taking into account the minimum age for starting sports

Materials and methods. A questionnaire survey was conducted among 2827 parents of children involved in sports, and 411 coaches participated in the survey. Statistical analysis was performed using descriptive statistics using Statistica‑10.0 and Microsoft Excel.

Results. The respondents’ children most often participate in team sports (25.6 %), martial arts (23.0 %), complex coordination sports (18.9 %), and cyclical sports (16.8 %). Earlier sports initiation ages are typical for rhythmic gymnastics (4.1 ± 0.9 years), artistic gymnastics (4.8 ± 1.7 years), and hockey (4.9 ± 1.3 years). In terms of the number of hours per week devoted to training, complex coordination sports rank first (12.4 ± 8.1 hours). Children with competitive experience are noted to start sports earlier, have a greater number of training sessions, and have them last longer. 65.5 % of parents reported an increase in their child’s activity since starting sports, 19.6 % said their child became more attentive, and 12.3 % said their child became less capricious and more balanced. 86.0 % of respondents reported that their children suffered from colds less often.

Conclusion. The survey data allowed for a preliminary assessment of the specifics of young athletes’ training, including the age at which children begin playing sports and certain aspects of the training process (class schedule, training hours). The data obtained demonstrate the need for a scientific study of the organization and conditions of young athletes’ sports training to substantiate criteria for assessing a child’s readiness for sports based on their physiological, physical, and psychological state, taking into account an in‑depth study of the minimum age for starting sports. This will promote the normal functioning of the child’s primary body systems and reduce the risk of developing health problems.