Влияние биологически активной добавки кофеина на работоспособность спортсменов-единоборцев: систематический обзор и метаанализ

Цель исследования: провести систематический поиск и обобщение результатов рандомизированных контролируемых исследований, оценивающих влияние кофеина на работоспособность спортсменов-единоборцев.

Материалы и методы: Исследование было проведено в соответствии с PRISMA и PRISMA-P. Поиск литературы без ограничений по дате и языку осуществлялся в базах данных PubMed, Cochrane Library, Epistemonikos и eLIBRARY.RU. В качестве статистических методов использовались метаанализ и метарегрессионный анализ.

Результаты: По результатам поиска нами было найдено 218 исследований, 24 из них соответствовали критериям включения и были включены в систематический обзор. В метаанализ было включено 16 исследований. Результаты метаанализа продемонстрировали отсутствие эффекта кофеина на результаты специального дзюдо-теста, уровень воспринимаемой нагрузки, скоростно-силовые показатели, мощность и высоту прыжка, силовую выносливость в специфическом дзюдо-тесте, индекс специального дзюдо-теста, а также общее количество бросков и бросков во втором подходе. Метаанализ продемонстрировал положительное влияние кофеина на результаты различных специфических тестов для тхэквондистов, а также на количество бросков в первом и третьем подходе специального дзюдо-теста. При оценке физиологических реакций наблюдалось отсутствие различий в пиковых значениях частоты сердечных сокращений. Было продемонстрировано статистически значимое увеличение пиковых значений лактата крови после симулированных боев.

Заключение: Употребление кофеина не оказывает существенного воздействия на повышение общих физических показателей, а также на показатели, связанные с нагрузкой и сердечной деятельностью у спортсменов-единоборцев. Тем не менее возможно положительное влияние кофеина на отдельные специфические показатели в этой группе спортсменов.

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