Objective: to examine the characteristics and duration of phase-amplitude changes in circadian systolic rhythms (ADS) and diastolic blood pressure (ADD) in athletes in contrasting time regions on a east-west flight model in 7 time zones. Materials and methods: the registration of blood pressure was carried out at 07, 11, 15, 19, 23 hours of local time in «home» conditions and 28 days after the flights to the regions of the Moscow time zone. The methodology was based on a graphic representation of the material. Biorhythm graphs were imposed on the «home» periodogram in new temporal conditions, which made it possible to evaluate the phase-amplitude changes in the chronograms and find out when the patterns would repeat, i.e. adaptation of systemic blood pressure to geo-social changes in the environment. Results: it was shown that until the last 28th day of the study, the inverse deformation of the daily schedules of the BPA, BPA, a significant decrease in the BPA and pulse pressure (hypotensive effect), an increase in the BPA, an increase in the amplitude of fluctuations of the indicators remained. Conclusions: changes in the circadian rhythm of blood pressure in athletes in the regions with a 7-hour difference went beyond the month of research, indicating an incomplete adaptation of the hemodynamic system, which functioning was provided by a more costly, unprofitable for the body physiological mechanism that impairs the efficiency of the heart and at rest.

Objective: to develop prognostic criteria for assessing the physical performance of children engaged in different sports, using the features of carnitine metabolism. Materials and methods: 94 young athletes and 37 students as a control group were included to the study. Indicators such as free and bound carnitine, maximum oxygen consumption (MOC) (as an indicator of physical performance), and the body composition were studied. Results: statistical analysis of the data indicated that the average amount of total carnitine in the group of children engaged in field hockey was lower (45.9±1.6 µmol/l) comparing with the group of representatives of cyclic sports (52.6±1.1 µmol/l) and with the group of control (46.3±1.0 µmol/l). The study of the level of MOC in the abovementioned groups revealed statistically significant differences. Thus, among the field hockey players the average level of absolute MOC was 2.2±0.1 lpm, swimmers – 3.8±0.2 lpm, in the control group – 2.7±0.1 lpm. The study showed significant positive correlation between the level of absolute MOC with total and free carnitine. The data obtained may indicate a greater aerobic performance in athletes with a higher content of free carnitine. Conclusions: thus, after studying the state of carnitine metabolism and maximum oxygen consumption, it becomes possible to predict the state of physical performance of children, which determines the measures to prevent health problems during intense physical activity.

Objective: a comparative performance evaluation of fitness programs for students from 1-3 courses of the Moscow Academy of water transport (MGAVT) with confirmed medical diagnosis of «Idiopathic scoliosis of 1 degree» using the method of screening diagnostics APC «Osancomer». Materials and methods: two groups of students from 1 – 3 courses of the Moscow branch of the Academy of water transport (MGAVT) at the age of 17-19 years were formed (n=12 in each group). All participants had the same type of posture disorders in the form of initial manifestations of scoliotic disease of the thoracic spine with a curvature angle of V. D. Chaklin from 3 to 5° («Ideopathic scoliosis of the I degree»). A new correctional fitness program was developed and applied for the main group, the comparison group (control) used only conventional exercises previously used in violations of posture. Results: comparative studies of the morphofunctional spine state of the subjects, carried out using the method of screening diagnostics of APC «Osancomer», in both groups before the experiment (BE) and after the experiment (AE), demonstrated a statistically significant positive dynamics. The severity of scoliotic disease decreased (reducing the angles of inclination α, β, γ by 3-3,5°) in the main group. In comparison with the control group in order to improve the physical culture and health technology a modernized correction program by including elements of fitness was used in the main group. Conclusions: as the results of the study show, the improvement of the generally accepted corrective techniques by including additional means of health-improving physical culture with elements of fitness aerobics improves the morphological and functional state of the spine and muscles forming a muscular corset. The positive dynamics of these indicators gives reason to believe that such a directed effect on the body of students, in particular students of the Academy of water transport, strengthens the weakened functional capabilities of the deep and superficial muscles of the back, the lateral surface of the trunk, abdominal, interosseous muscles. This increases the endurance and ability of the entire muscular system to maintain static stability and correct position of the spine.

Objective: to determine the morphological and functional parameters of athletes-junior wrestlers, determining their specialization, qualification and training in ontogenesis. Materials and methods: 49 male junior athletes of the school of Olympic reserve engaged in martial arts in the GrecoRoman style for 6-10 years were examined. We used the Dorokhov R.N. (1994) technique of selection and early orientation in sports to determine the anthropometric temporal characteristics. Following functional indicators were determined: absolute and relative physical performance, aerobic performance, power index eagerly, type of vegetative regulation. Results: the majority of fighters teenagers CMS had mesosomal, microcorpulent, micromesomelic, micromesic and mesomacromembral somatotype. A comprehensive study of the functional parameters of the wrestlers showed that indicators of absolute and relative physical performance were higher in young men CMS and were respectively 1318.6±149.5 kg∙m/min and 19.3±2.5 kg∙m/(min∙kg). Aerobic performance was higher in adolescents and first-rank sportsmen: 51.8±9.36 ml/(min∙kg). The strength indices of the hands were higher in the young men's CMS and contributed to 70.6±6.37% for the right hand and 66.08±12.1% for the left hand, which was explained by the component body composition of the body of young men. Most of the wrestlers revealed moderate parasympathicotonia and amphotonic. Conclusions: the R.N. Dorokhova and V.G. Petrukhina (1994) method of somatotyping allows to differentiate athletes, involved in martial arts in the Greco-Roman style, into 3 levels of variation: dimensional, component and proportion and to determine their specialization, qualification and degree of training in ontogenesis.

Objective: assessment of the vitamin content in the basic and supplementary diets of highly qualified athletes in the pre-competition period of sports activities. Materials and methods: 159 highly skilled athletes of both sexes participated in the study (92 men, mean age 21.7 ± 0.8 years, 67 women, 23.1 ± 1.5 years). Studies were carried out on the basis of the Center for Physiotherapy and Sports Medicine of FMBA. The content of vitamins in the basic and supplementary diets was estimated by the questionnaire method of 24-hour (daily) nutrition reproduction using the «Album of Food and Food Portions», according to the chemical composition of the actually consumed foods and dishes. The processing and analysis of data was carried out by standard statistical methods. Results: the basic diet of athletes does not provide adequate intake of vitamins. The most pronounced deficiency of B vitamins and vitamin C in the basic diet was noted in female bobsleighs. Only additional consumption of weighty doses of vitamins and specialized products for nutrition of athletes and dietary supplements allows reaching the recommended level. Some sportsmen have exceeded thus consumption of vitamins В₁ and В₂ with enriching additives in supplements and specialized foodstuff. Conclusions: the groundlessness of using in the diet of athletes excessively high doses of antioxidant vitamins is discussed. Before making a decision about the use of a vitamin supplement and doses of vitamins contained in it, a complete assessment of the individual diet of each athlete is necessary.

Objective: studying the effect of genetic polymorphisms: rs1815739 (ACTN3 gene), rs2016520 (PPARD gene), rs1042713 (ADRB2 gene), rs1799945 (HFE gene) on anthropometric and lipid metabolism indicators in athletes representing martial arts. Materials and methods: studies of anthropometric and biochemical parameters, genetic polymorphisms were carried out in 83 athletes (64 men and 19 women) who were are engaged in martial arts. Anthropometric studies were performed by height (cm) and body weight (kg) measuring followed by calculating body mass index (BMI, kg / m2). Biochemical nutritional status markers were determined using the ABXPENTRA 400 analyzer (HORIBA ABX SAS, France) in an automatic mode. Genotyping was performed using allele-specific amplification using TaqMan probes complementary to polymorphic DNA regions and realtime detection of the results using reagent kits from Syntol, Russia. Studies were performed on the device «CFX96 Real Time System» («BIO-RAD», USA). Statistical processing of the results was performed using the PASW Statistics 20 system. Results: as a result of gene testing for endurance of combat athletes, it was found that the frequency of the T allele of the rs1815739 polymorphism (ACTN3 gene) was 47.5%, the PPARD gene ал20120120 allele G is 13.9%, the rs1042713 G allele of the ADRB2 gene was 51.9%, and the G allele of the rs1799945 polymorphism of the HFE gene was 19.3%. No association was found between the value of anthropometric parameters in athletes and the presence of the studied polymorphisms. Conclusions: the cause of identified dyslipidemia in combat athletes may be not only the disturbances in the structure of their nutrition that we found earlier, but also the presence of certain genetic polymorphisms.

Objective: to evaluate the ability of the drug SOD, when administered orally to athletes, to affect the performance of their aerobic and anaerobic performance. Materials and methods: 8 basketball players and 8 swimmers with the level of sports qualification not lower than 1 adult category took part in the work as subjects. To assess the effects of SOD use, three times (before the beginning of SOD administration; 7 and 14 days after the start of SOD administration), standard tests were carried out in the following way: anthropometric measurements and the background level of physiological parameters recording; measurement of the maximum anaerobic power in the test on the bicycle ergometer; at least 1 hour of rest; measurement of aerobic performance in ramptest on a bicycle ergometer. Heart rate, external respiration and gas exchange, the content of lactate in the blood were recorded during these tests. Results: 7 days after the start of SOD administration, a decrease in the maximum aerobic performance was found. At the same time, the cost of oxygen per unit of work was reduced in the experimental group after 7 days, but returns to the initial level by the end of the second week of exposure to the drug. Most likely, this fact didn’t indicate a positive effect of SOD on the mechanisms of aerobic energy production. The overall result of anaerobic testing was that in the experimental group, compared with the control group, all the power indices increased, and the temporal parameters decreased. The instantaneous maximum power, the maximum averaged power, as well as the total work in the test per 1 kg of body weight increased. On the contrary, there was a pronounced tendency to reduce the time to reach the maximum power and the time of its retention. Almost all these differences became apparent only after 2 weeks of taking SOD by participants in the experimental group. From this it follows that 1 week is not enough for the manifestation of the full effect of superoxide dismutase on the performance parameters of athletes. Conclusions: 1. The results speak in favor of the assumption that exogenous SOD has a positive effect on the characteristics of anaerobic performance. 2. The results obtained allow us to consider the two-week period as the minimum for obtaining the ergogenic effect of exogenous SOD when taken orally.

Objective: development and tests of a specialized food stuff for correction of a psychophysiological state and neuromuscular transfer in highly skilled athletes. Materials and methods: objects of researches were: 2 prescriptions (in two dosages of 30 mkg/g and 60 mkg/g) of the developed specialized product of sports food for correction of a psychophysiological state and neuromuscular transfer in highly skilled athletes; 200 male rats of males of the Wistar line. Researches were conducted according to the official and standard techniques. Following physiological parameters were measured used during the study: arterial blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature, respiration rate, ECG; specialized tests: «suspension for a tail», the Tredmil racetrack, assessment of working capacity and endurance on indicators of the forced (limit) swimming, registration of coordination by means of the Rota-ROD device, tests according to higher nervous activity: navigation memory, a labyrinth Barnes, testing of forming of a conditioned reflex of passive avoiding, the Open field test, measurement of an animal force by means of the Grip-strength meter device (the test for grasp force). Results: the best result was shown by group of the animals receiving the product in a prescription №2 in a dose of 60 mg/kg (containing a superoxide scavenger). In this group of animals immobilization time at suspension for a tail with increase in duration of the overcome distance on the tredmil decreased, time of the forced (limit) swimming raised and also the locomotory activity and force of a grasp increased that demonstrated increase in physical endurance, working capacity and neuromuscular transfer. Conclusions: it is revealed that «Fit Tonus» moderately reduces the level of situational uneasiness of mice and promotes increase in working capacity and speed of neuromuscular transfer.

Objective: the functional analysis of the thymus during a course of laser therapy of the calf muscles of adult rats. Materials and methods: thymus mass, proliferative activity (mitotic index, MI) and possible cytogenetic effect on thymus cells (chromosome aberrations – CA) were studied on 25 adult rats. Irradiation conditions: pulsed infrared (890 nm, 1500 Hz, output power 8 W) and continuous red (632.8 nm) laser radiation. 5 series of experiments were carried out: study of thymus in control rats with non-irradiated legs (1st series); 1 day (2nd series) or 1 month (3rd series) after completion of combined laser irradiation of both calves (5 exposures with daily alternation); 1 day after exposure to only infrared (4th series, 5 exposures) or only red laser radiation (5th series, 5 exposures) with 1-2 day intervals. Chromosomal aberrations were determined by the ana-telophase method. Results: a thymus weight reduction tendency, reduction of the cortex and increased CA were observed in the 2nd series (Р<0.01). MI of thymocytes did not change. The 3rd series showed the increasing thymus mass tendency and increasing of the width of the cortical layer. MI was lower (Р<0.1); CA decreased (Р<0.01) and approached to control. The studied parameters of the 4th series were practically unchanged in comparison with the control. Only non-considerable increase of CA could be noted. The 5th series showed the increase of the thymus mass (Р<0.01) and decrease of CA (Р<0.01). The structure of thymus and MI thymocytes did not differ from control. Conclusions: the destabilization of the chromosome apparatus of thymus cells and the appearance of CA may occur during combined intensive laser irradiation of skeletal muscles, apparently, as a result of exceedanse of the permissible therapeutic norm. There is a gradual recovery in the following. After only infrared laser irradiation, the cytogenetic effect (CA) did not increase, after exposure to red laser radiation, a stimulating effect was observed including reduction of the number of spontaneous CA in the thymus.

Objective: to improve the effectiveness of early postoperative rehabilitation of patients after arthroscopic surgery on the shoulder joint by the combined use of exercises with dynamic controlled muscle tension (DCMT) and thin-layer peloidotherapy. Materials and methods: 98 patients operated on for rotator cuff syndrome, were divided into 3 groups, comparable in age, sex and the main clinical manifestations. All patients received basic therapy, including orthopedic mode in the form of immobilization of the upper limb and curative gymnastics according to the standard method. Patients of the I and II group in addition to basic treatment were given an exercise course with dynamic controlled muscle tension during the immobilization and postimmobilization period. Patients of the II main group in the postimmobilization period received pelotherapy. Results: according to the results of goniometry in patients of I and II groups had the greater volume of movement in the shoulder joint after immobilization was stopped in comparison with patients of group III (control). Analysis of pain indicators while the shoulder joint moving on the scale of pain a month after immobilization revealed a significant advantage of the results of the II main group. Conclusions: it was shown that the inclusion of exercises with dynamic controlled muscle tension in the therapeutic complex had a more significant effect on the main clinical symptoms of the disease, the regeneration processes, and also contributed to an earlier restoration of impaired functions of the shoulder joint.

Objective: to explore the possibilities of sport social network open data in analysis of Moscow Marathon 2017 (MM2017) results. Materials and methods: open data, downloaded from sport gadgets to Strava.com social network by 1165 of 7972 MM2017 participants were retrieved (information about sex, age, race time, average heart rate (HR) and cadence at the race, and training intensity). Results: the age of participants was 34 (30-39) years, 13% of women, women were significantly younger than men. The median of the race time was 4:31:56 for women, 4:03:11 for men, p = 0.0001; the average cadence was 174 and 169 respectively, p = 0.0001; average HR was 163 and 162 respectively, p = 0.07. There was no correlation between age and race time, at least for runners under 60 years. The total distance, the number and duration of trainings in 2017 and 2016, personal bests at distances 5-42.2 km did not differ significantly in men and women, but were higher in participants with over-median race time and over-median age. Average HR and average cadence of participants with under-median race time was significantly higher than in those with over-median race time (163 and 161 bpm, p = 0.002; 174 and 166 per minute, p = 0.0001 respectively). The average HR was expectedly higher in younger participants (164 and 160 bpm, p <0.0001). The average cadence in runners divided by the median of age was not significantly different. Analysis of average time in pulse zones showed that participants with better race time were able to maintain higher HR for longer time, what can be considered to more intense training. Conclusions: the open data of Strava.com users can enrich mass running analytics, limited before by age, sex and the race time of participants. The availability of information about the average HR, cadence at the race and training intensity can improve the research possibilities in sports medicine. This data can be useful instrument of coaching.