Objective: to evaluate the influence of special «product for sportive nutrition» on oxidative stress status and antioxidant defense status of athletes during physical loads. Materials and methods: 30 male swimmers of a student combined team (at the age of 23,0 ± 2,5 years) participated in the study. The sportsmen were divided into two groups: experimental and control. The sportsmen of experimental group additionally received the «product for sportive nutrition» in their food ration. The training process was the same in both groups; it was divided into three stages. First and third stages were characterized by systematic trainings; the intensity of physical loads was increased at second stage. The oxidative stress status and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of serum were detected using reagent kit «PerOx (TOS/TOC) Kit» и «ImAnOx (TAS/TAC) Kit», firm «Immundiagnostik» (Germany). Serum cortisol was determined by immunoenzyme method with the use of reagent kit of joint-stock company «Vector-Best» (Russia). Results: intake of «product for sportive nutrition» during increased physical loads promoted a statistically significant decrease of oxidative stress level, tendency to a decrease of cortisol content and an increase of serum antioxidant capacity in comparison with control group. There was no correlation between cortisol value and oxidative stress level/total antioxidant capacity of serum. Conclusions: tested food product exerted a positive influence on system of free radical oxidation and cortisol. It can be recommended for further investigation in persons going in for sport.

Objective: to determine the level of coherence between visual, vestibular, proprioceptive analyzers and muscular control in students with the use of static motor-cognitive tests with biological feedback, and also the attention level during visual or mixed control of the center of pressure on the footplate with biological feedback. Materials and methods: 63 students from first three years of education aged from17 to 22 years (mean age - 19,5±2,5) were examined. We believe that the quantitative evaluation of test results with stabilometric method allows to obtain objective data on the state of equilibrium function in participants and to increase accuracy of movements (ship handling) due to objectification of parameters of office functions performance. Finally we can develop reasonable recommendations for improving of the training sessions effectiveness for students of each year of study. The force plate ST-150 which allows to measure the parameters of the trajectory of displacement of the coordinates of the center of body mass was used. Results were presented for each student in the form of a graphic image using the software of a stabilometric platform ST-150 platform. The static test included two phases. The first phase consisted in testing with open eyes with monitor control of the general center of body mass that allows to estimate influence of a visual analizator on equilibrium function. The second phase was conducted with closed eyes. In each of these phases students were tested in two foot positions: 1) main stand (Romberg’s test with European foot position «socks separately»); 2) stand in case of which the sock-heel lines of each leg are parallel (Romberg’s test with American foot position). Conclusions: significant deviations of equilibrium function of senior students of Academy of the water transport were detected. It requires the development of new models and physical training programs for the students to increase their statokinetic and vestibular stability during teaching and educational work.

In recent years backward walking is increasingly used in sports and medicine. During sports training backward walking can be used as one of the methods of fitness. Backward walking increases the cardiovascular and respiratory loads and aerobic and anaerobic capacities of the organism. Backward walking is associated with less overload of knee joints. It is also one of the few natural ways of strengthening the quadriceps. Backward walking training has found its application in rehabilitation programs for different categories of neurological patients with the aim of restoring sustainable body position and gait. Backward walking is used to elaborate the correct pattern of gait in children with cerebral palsy, in persons with hemiplegia after stroke, in patients suffering from Parkinson’s disease and multiple sclerosis, in spinal cord injured patients. There is an information about the application of backward walking exercises in diabetic foot syndrome in order to reduce a plantar pressure and in physical rehabilitation of postoperative patients. Tests with backward walking are used for diagnostic purposes - to assess the severity of impaired coordination and motor skills in post-stroke patients and in Parkinson's disease, to identify the minimal walking impairment in persons with multiple sclerosis and for probability of falling prediction in elderly individuals and patients with dizziness.

Objective: to develop general principles of progressive step neurorehabilitation of the musculoskeletal system in qualified athletes using the example of recovery of common musculoskeletal injuries (soft tissue injuries, soft tissue injuries in the ankle and / or knee joints, nonspecific low back pain syndrome, cervical spine instability, etc.). Materials and methods: the research involved more than 150 representatives of sports activities associated with the art of movement (artistic, rhythmic gymnastics and acrobatics, figure skating and other types of motor activity) aged from 10 to 18 years. The subjects were divided into groups according to gender and age. According to the nature of the musculoskeletal injury of athlete, the groups were divided into subgroups, which were randomly divided into experimental and control. The experimental subgroup received recovery measures according to the concept of progressive step neurorehabilitation, the control subgroup was rehabilitated by traditional methods, without applying the principles of progressive step neurorehabilitation. Researchers used multi-mode computerized robotic diagnostic and treatment complex BIODEX System 4 Pro (USA); electrooptical system of three-dimensional kinematic motion analysis «Qualisys»; radiological methods (ultrasonography, X-ray, Computer tomography, MRI). Results: optimal phases and the timing of neurorehabilitation, the algorithm for routing patients, treatment facilities and methods of diagnostics and recovery of musculoskeletal injuries for each motion level were identified. Shorter terms of recovery to the training level were shown for a level-based organization of rehabilitation in comparison with rehabilitation by the same means and methods, without taking into account the levels of motion synthesis (the gain on the time of full recovery to the training level in the experimental groups was from 20% to 45% depending on the nature of injury, age and level of athletic skill). The maximum effect of progressive step neurorehabilitation was achieved in the rehabilitation of tendon-ligamentous injuries of the musculoskeletal system (saving time of complete recovery reached 35-45%). Conclusions: progressive step neurological rehabilitation allows athletes to recover from musculoskeletal injuries taking into account injury specificity, sport specificity and skill level in a shorter time than the standard methods (outpatient, hospital), without the use of expensive equipment and promptly returns the athlete in a full-fledged training process.

To study the dynamics of cardiorespiratory parameters in the anaerobic threshold zone of ski racers throughout the annual training cycle. Materials and methods: 300 examinations of 49 professional ski racers of I category and candidate masters of sports (aged from 15 to 32 years, mean age - 19,7±1,3 (M±m)) were carried out in the breath-by-breath mode on an Oxycon Pro ergospirometric system (Erich Jaeger). Maximal oxygen consumption (MOC: absolute and per kilogram of body weight) was detected during pass-fail test. Heart rate (HR), oxygen consumption (VO₂), oxygen pulse and maximal load were registered in the anaerobic threshold zone. Difference between the actual and theoretically calculated HR, VO₂ percentage (relate to maximal oxygen consumption) was calculated. Results: pulse increase in the anaerobic threshold zone by 20% prolonged aerobic activity of ski racers and increased maximal aerobic load by 20%. Conclusions: the most favorable values of cardiorespiratory parameters were registered during the preparation period, and the least - during the competition period. This fact requires correction of the training process and rehabilitation.

Objective: to determine the dependence of heart rate recovery indexes from intensity of previous load in young athletes. Materials and methods: the study included 24 young athletes of 13-18 years old. Dynamics of heart rate during 3 minutes of recovery period was studied depending on the intensity of the preceding 4 minutes of bicycle intermittent load to failure. Load power and oxygen consumption were expressed in relative values (rPWCmx and rPomx) taking into account maximum achieved values. Following parameters were determined: 1. Values of pulse decrease in comparison with the end of the load after 0.5, 1 and 3 min; 2. Reaching time for 50% of recovery (t50%HRR); 3. Relation between indexes of heart rate and heart rate of loads end after 0.5, 1 and 3 min (rHR0.5, 1, 3). Results: with increasing of load intensity the heart rate recovery indexes changed differently. The most informative methods for evaluation of load intensity were rHR3/0.5, t50%HRR and heart rate reduction indexes after 0.5 and 1 min calculated on the potential possibility of heart rate recovery. Conclusions: the heart rate recovery indexes reflect the physical exertion of the organism from the maximum level. Multivariate equations to predict load intensity and aerobic capacity are developed.

Objective: to study the clinical efficacy of drugs that restore water-salt balance and improve energy metabolism in cells for the removal of post-workout symptoms. Materials and methods: 64 sportsmen from Kirov (Kirov region) took part in the study. The average age was 23.9 years (from 18 to 38 years). Sportsmen underwent questioning to identify their health problems, the presence of somatic diseases, medicines, that they are taking and post-training symptoms, such as joint pain, mscle pain etc. We provided medical examination of sportsmen in standard condition; blood test (potassium and magnesium content), ECG, blood pressure and heart rate were measured. All participants in this study were divided into 4 groups of 16 people (8 men and 8 women in each), to obtain statistically significant data. The I group took the complex «Asparcam + Amber Acid», the II group took «Asparcam», the III group took "Calcium gluconate", the IV group was the control group. After 3 weeks from the beginning of the study, when the sportsmen completed the course of taking medicines, the second questionnaire was conducted to determine the efficiency of the prescribed medicines. Results: the study showed a high incidence of post-workout symptoms in athletes. Against the background of taking mineral-containing drugs and succinic acid, there was a decrease in the frequency of post-workout symptoms, especially a decrease in the frequency and intensity of muscle pain, as well as the frequency of convulsions in groups I and II of the study (p<0.05). Comparative analysis showed that the use of a combination of mineral-containing drugs with drugs that improve energy metabolism in cells, has a more effective effect on post-workout symptoms in athletes. Conclusion: the study proved the reliable clinical efficacy of mineral-containing drugs, especially when combined with succinic acid to remove symptoms of fatigue, a sense of heaviness in the legs, muscle pain and the appearance of convulsions of the lower extremities. The majority of athletes, especially those engaged in active sports, there is a need to take medicines that restore water-salt balance and improve energy metabolism in cells for faster relief of post-workout symptoms.

Objective: influence of ballroom dancing, folk and contemporary dance choreography on the functional state of the foot of children and the comparison of the quality of life of dancing children and their peers. Materials and Methods: 183 children at the age of 3-16 dancing in choreographic groups of the Udmurt Republic underwent the plantographic examination of the functional state of the feet. The questioning of 83 children-ballroom dancers (main group) and 78 peers (comparison group) from the Udmurt Republic with the help of translated PedsQL questionnaire was used for determination of the life quality. Results: the following prevalence of changes of longitudinal arches among children of 3-7 years old wasdetected: 21±3 personsin ballroom dancing and 60±1 persons in contemporary choreography (p<0,001). There was an upward trend in deformation of the transverse spring arche in all dance styles: at the age of 8-12 years45±4 persons in ballroom dancing and 61±4 persons in contemporary dancing(p<0,001) This value reduced by the age of 13-16 years among ballroom dancers more than any other dancers - 19±4 persons(p<0,001). Systematic and extended ballroom dance training contribute to reliable improvement of the life quality of the children at the age of 13-18 years(p<0,01). Conclusions: 1. The critical period in arches formation for dancers is the age of 3-7 years.2. Among dancers the transverse spring arche is at most risk of getting pathologies.3. The higher the physical activity of a teenager providesthe better quality of his life.

Objective: to determine morphological and functional characteristics of different states of fitness in adolescence rowers. Materials and methods: 21 men athletes aged from 14 to 16 years of school of the Olympic reserve of the city of Rostov-on-Don (RWAR) involved in rowing were examined. We used the Dorokhov R.N. technique of selection and early orientation in sports to determine the anthropometric characteristics. Following functional indicators were defined: power index of both hands, the absolute physical efficiency (APE) with the help of РWС₁₇₀ test, type of vegetative regulation with the help of method of heart rate variability assessment. Results: adolescence rowers had macrosomy and micromembrane somatotype. When the condition of exercise was insufficient, the following parameters were revealed: micromesocorpulent and mesomuscular somatotype, low power index of the brush, a low value of APE, expressed vagotonic type of autonomic regulation. If the condition of exercise was satisfactory, micromesocorpulent and micromesomuscular somatotype, the average power index of the brush below the average value of APE, mild vagotonic type of autonomic regulation were registered. The highest condition of exercise was associated with microcorpulent and mesomuscular somatotype, the average power index of the brush, the average value of APE normotonic type of vegetative regulation. Conclusions: certain morpho-functional parameters as: somatotype, level of power and absolute index of physical work efficiency and autonomic regulation defined an inadequate, satisfactory or a higher state of fitness.

Objective: to determine the influence of rs12722 (C/T)COL5A1 gene variation on ACL rupture in Europeans of Ural region of Russia. Materials and methods: the case group included 173 patients with diagnosed anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ruptures; control group included 370 asymptomatic persons. Both groups were similar on a sex, age, growth, weight and BMI. Results: the following genotypic frequencies were observed (in %): case group - a T/T of 34,1, C/T of 46,8, C/C of 19,1; control group - a T/T of 25,4, C/T of 50,8, C/C 23,8. Genotypic frequencies in both groups met Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Significant difference of allelic frequencies was revealed between two groups (p = 0,039). Persons with a T/T genotype had a significantly increased risk of ACL ruptures in comparison with persons with C/T + C/C genotypes (x2 = 4,408, p = 0,036, OR = 1,52, 95% confidence interval: 1,027 - 2,249). Conclusions: this is the first study that shown the association of rs12722 COL5A1 gene variation with risk of an ACL rupture in Russian population.